The Internet and Web

1. Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer The Internet and Web Internet Technology Internet Communications Web technology Web Applications

2. Key Terms • Internet Backbone • Internet Service Provider (ISP) • Routers • Dial-up Connection • Cable modem connection • DSL connection • DSS connection • Protocols • TCP/IP • IP Address • Client/server • Port • Peer-to-peer (P2P) 4.1 Internet Technology What is the Internet?

3. What is the Internet? Visualization of the Internet’s topology from http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/topology.html

4. A Brief History of the Internet http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/

5. Internet Growth The Web arrives www.internetworldstats.com

6. Verizon’s/MCI’s UUNet carries 28% of Internet traffic Internet Hardware • The Internet backbone consists of the main pathways and connections of the Internet owned primarily by telecom companies. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone

7. Internet Hardware • Network Service Providers • Major telecom companies that provide the Internet backbone. http://navigators.com/isp.html

8. Internet Hardware • Points of Presence (POPs) • Facilities provided by Network Service Providers that allow users to connect to the Internet backbone. • Internet Service Providers • Companies that provide users with access to the Internet. • Dial-up vs. DSS vs. Cell vs. DSL vs. Cable Top 22 ISP’s: http://www.isp-planet.com/research/rankings/usa.html

9. 7’ The Cisco CRS-1 router is controlled by a unique self-healing and self-defending operating system designed for always-on operation while scaling system capacity up to 92 Tbps. Routers such as this one manage traffic on the Internet Backbone. Internet Hardware • Routers: computing devices that manage network traffic by evaluating data packets and routing them to their destination. http://computer.howstuffworks.com/router1.htm

10. Packet Switching • A packet switching network divides all network data into small packets for faster, more efficient delivery. An email message Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about….

11. Packet Switching Divided into packets Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about….

12. Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 1 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 2 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about…. Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 3 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu Packet Switching Packet headers added

13. Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 1 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 2 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about…. Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 3 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu Packet Switching Each packet sent individually over the network

14. Router Router Router Router Router Router Router Router Router Packet Switched Network Router Router Router Router email Router Router email

15. Circuit Switched Network

16. Packet Switching • Packet switching is much more efficient than circuit switching. Technology:Networking/TelecomsWednesday 28 May 2003 Sprint moves to packet-switch networkSprint is to change its entire circuit-switched telephone network to packet technology in an attempt to keep up with customer demand for capacity. Sprint's eight million lines will be moved over to the packet-based asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) system, allowing voice, video and data to be broken down into small digital blocks and sent, in effect, simultaneously.This allows the network to be used more efficiently, and will also allow new multimedia services, Sprint said. Sprint is the first major telecoms company to move all of its local, tandem and long-distance networks over to packet technology, according to Nortel Networks spokeswoman Ann Fuller.

17. Internet Protocols • Protocols are rules that govern how data is transmitted and received. • They govern all Network and Internet communications: • The Internet • The Web • Email • Instant Messaging • Etc. Ports are numeric addresses assigned to specific network services, and used in packet headers to direct data packets to the appropriate service. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers

18. Internet Protocols • TCP/IP • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Divides data into packets for transmission, and reassembles data from packets upon delivery. • Internet Protocol (IP): Controls the delivery of packets between IP addresses. • IP Address • a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packets across the Internet. • 10000000.11111111.10110101.00010111 • 128.255.181.29 • www.fsu.edu

19. Client/Server Peer-to-Peer Network Architectures Original Napster vs. Kazaa

20. Key Terms • Hyperlink • HTTP • Web browser • Web server • URL • HTML • XML • XHTML • Web authoring software • Cookies • Plug-in • Content Streaming 4.2 Web Technology What is the Web?

21. The Web • The World Wide Web is an Internet-based service that provides convenient access to information through hyperlinks.

22. Domain name Web Protocols & Standards • HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol defines and controls communication between Web server and client (Web browser). • URL: Uniform Resource Locator is the fancy name for a Web address. http://www.cengage.com/coursetechnology/swt3/topics.html http://www.icann.org/

23. Web Protocols & Standards • HTML: Hypertext Markup Language is the formatting language used to define the appearance of Web pages. • Try View Source in IE • XML: New and popular standard for describing and classifying data in Web pages and other Web services.

24. Web Protocols & Standards • Many of today’s popular applications store files in XML format for easy data sharing.

25. Inventory.xml Catalog.xhtml Design.css Web Server Web Client

26. Macromedia’s Dreamweaver software allows you to design Webpages and Websites using a WYSIWYG interface. Web-Authoring Software • Web Authoring Software allows you to create HTML documents using word-processor-like software

27. Programming the Web • Cookies are data generated by a Web server, and stored on your computer. • Used to target marketing or customize a webpage when you next visit the server. • Demowww.amazon.com • IE/Tools/Options/Settings/

28. Web Browser Plug-Ins • A plug-in is a program that works with the browser to offer extended services –typically the ability to view animations or video, listen to music, or interact with the Webpage. • Popular plug-ins include Flash and Quicktime. Demos:http://harrypotter.warnerbros.com

29. Web Browser Plug-Ins • Content streaming allows media files to play while they are being delivered by the Web server. www.movies.com

30. Key Terms • Search engine • Synchronouscommunication • Asynchronous communication • E-mail • E-mail attachment • Instant messaging (IM) • Chat • SMS Text messaging • Blogs • Web 2.0 • Wiki • Social Bookmarking • Video Conferencing • Telecommuting 4.3 Internet and Web Applications How are they used?

31. Communications E-commerce The Web InformationDistribution The Internet The Internet & Web

32. Web Tools • Search Engines: Helps us find information on the Web through keyword searches of databases built by spiders or crawlers (http://a9.com/). • Subject Directories: A catalog of sites collected and organized by people. • Portals: Web pages that serve as entry points to the Web.

33. Communication and Collaboration • Face to Face • Video + Voice • Voice Only • Text Only Effectiveness

34. Communication and Collaboration • Synchronous Communication takes place in real time. • Phone conversation • Instant Messaging • Asynchronous Communication allows participants to leave messages to be accessed whenever. • Voice mail • Email • SMS Texting

35. Face-to-face • Video conferencing • Phone (voice) • Instant messaging/Chat • Voice mail • Email • SMS Texting Synchronous Effectiveness Asynchronous Convenience Communication and Collaboration

36. Researchers at Caltech’s VRVS lab are able to video Conference from 36,000 feet above the Pacific Ocean.

37. Communication and Collaboration • Text based Communication • Email • Attachments • Instant messaging (IM) • Chat

38. 2nd Life with avatars in a 3D virtual environment

39. 1 2abc 3def 4ghi 5jkl 6mno 7pqrs 8tuv 9wxyz Decipher this! 35 or 243 possible words 0 Communication and Collaboration • SMS Text Messaging • Predictive Text Input H E L L O 4ghi 3def 5jkl 5jkl 6mno http://www.transl8it.com

40. Communication and Collaboration RSS (Really Simple Syndication) A web-content distribution technology • Blogs (Web logs) are websites created to express one or more individual’s views on a given topic (ie. http://www.bloglines.com/topblogs) • A blog aggregator is software that allows you to subscribe to numerous blogs (ie. http://www.bradsoft.com/feeddemon/) • APodcastisan audio file that contains a recorded broadcast distributed over the Internet for use on PC or Mobile media device. • Podcast Aggregator: provides access to podcasts that may be set to automatically download to your PC (iTunes).

41. Web 2.0 • The collaborative, social Web • The Web as a computing platform • Social Networking - Web sites that provide tools allowing members to share information about themselves with other members and find others with similar interests. • Wiki - A Web site designed to allow users to add, remove, and edit, content. • Social Bookmarking - Provide a way for members to store, classify, share, and search Web bookmarks. • Media Sharing - Web sites that allow members to share video, music, and photos, with others.

42. Web 2.0 The Social • Facebook (social net), www.facebook.com • MySpace (social net), www.myspace.com • LinkedIn (pro social net), www.linkedin.com • Digg (news, bookmarking), www.digg.com • Delicious (bookmarking), www.delicious.com • Wikipedia (crowdsourced encyclopedia), www.wikipedia.com • Epinions (consumer reviews), www.epinions.com • Flickr (photo sharing), www.flickr.com • SmugMug (photo sharing), www.smugmug.com • YouTube (video sharing), www.youtube.com • Second Life (3D social net), www.secondlife.com • Plaxo (aggregator), www.plaxo.com

43. Web 2.0 Blog Micro-blog * WordPress, www.wordpress.com * Blogger, www.blogger.com * Twitter, www.twitter.com * Jaiku, www.jaiku.com * Pownce, www.pownce.com * Plurk, www.plurk.com * Spoink, www.spoink.com * Swurl, www.swurl.com

44. Web 2.0 Rich Internet Apps (RIA) • Google Docs (productivity apps), http://docs.google.com • 37signals (personal info mng), www.37signals.com • Zoho (variety), www.zoho.com • FlyPaper (presentations), www.flypaper.com • SlideRocket (presentations), www.sliderocket.com • icloud (web-based OS), www.icloud.com • eyeos (web-based OS), www.eyeos.com • Buzzword (word process), www.buzzword.com • todoist (to-do list), www.todoist.com • Photoshop Express (photo editing), www.photoshop.com/express

45. www.current.tv Communication and Collaboration • Vlog (Vodcast) • Video-based blogs (www.vlogdir.com/) • Consumer Generated Media is the recent trend of the general public capturing and reporting the news. How does consumer genereated media compare to main stream media?

46. Voice over IP (VoIP) • Technology that enables network managers to route phone calls over the same network they use for data. Future of Phones: http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/video_audio_archive/?all Also see Video Telephony

47. Residential VoIP • Residential VoIP, Broadband Phone • Phone service over a broadband Internet connection. • http://www.voipchoices.com/vonage.html

48. Video Conferencing • Video conferencing is a technology that combines video and voice communications along with document sharing. Telecommunications is the process of working from locations away from the office by using telecommunications technologies.

49. News and Information • On-line news services allow you to drill-down into the story to get background information and details. Webcasting uses the Web to deliver news video footage.

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