World War II

1. World War II World History Chapter 30

2. Setting the stage • All countries were being affected by the depression • U.S., France, and U.K. already had control of territory with natural resources • Japan, Italy, and Germany wanted the same: • Germans wanted “lebensraum” or living space from countries in the east • Italy’s fascist leader, Benito Mussolini (and his thugs called “Brown Shirts”) wanted to control the Mediterranean Sea to build a new Roman empire • Japan wanted to control China • Many supported these dictators because of the “Red Scare” or the fear of the spread of communism • Rumors of Joseph Stalin (the leader of Russia) had put to death nearly 45 million Soviet citizens by secret police scared people, too

3. Mussolini and Hitler Stalin

4. Japan • Japan wanted the territory called Manchuria to be used as a buffer between them and communist Korea • Because of a Chinese civil war, Japan easily conquered the territory and called it Manchukuo • Japan’s invasion was condemned: • First, by U.S. isolationists • Passed the Stimson Doctrine which denied recognition of any territory taken by force • League of Nations: passed a resolution calling for Japan to withdrawal • Instead, Japan withdrew from the League and the world did nothing…Germany and Italy watched with glee

5. Japan in Manchuria

6. Hitler • Adolph Hitler – born in 1889 in Austrian border town near Germany • Full of bigotry and convinced that Jews were corrupting the world • After WWI, he joined a small group that was against capitalism and communism and was hostile towards Jews • By 1930, this small party became much larger and known as the Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazis) • Gave inspiring speeches about uniting the Aryan race and regaining Germany’s lost territory in WWI

7. Hitler’s Top Advisors Adolph Hitler Himmler Goebbels

8. NAZI Rally

9. Hitler Part Two • Hitler planned on committing genocide (or killing a whole national or ethnic group) against Jews, Gypsies, and homosexuals • Spread anti-Semitism (Jewish hatred) and blamed the Jews for Germany’s woes • Hitler consolidated all power in the country (called it the Third Reich) and when President Hindenburg died, Hitler declared himself füehrer (means “leader”) • Hitler committed atrocities – brutal crimes of war • Hitler used veterans as bodyguards and thugs to arrest political prisoners

10. Hitler’s Book and Public Speeches

11. Germany and the Olympics • In 1936, Germany hosted the summer Olympics • Hitler thought it would be a good way to show German resurgence in the world • Hitler wanted to show “superiority” of the Aryan race • Jesse Owens, an African-American, spoiled it, however when he won 4 gold medals • Hitler shook hands with the runner-up only: a German named Luz Long

12. Jesse Owens accepting his gold medal for the long jump..second place was Long

13. And it begins… • Kristallnacht: • In 1938, Jews in Germany received a night of terror called the Kristallnacht • Means “Night of broken glass” • Nazi gangs broke into Jewish homes, beat up the occupants, burned synagogues, and looted Jewish businesses • Rhineland: • Used as a buffer between Germany and France and according to the treaty of WWI, no one was to occupy it • Hitler retakes the Rhineland • Then, he takes Austria

14. Kristallnacht

15. A reaction • The U.S., the U.K. and France begin appeasement – or pacifying Hitler to avoid conflict • Ultimatum – being given two options to a problem • Meanwhile, Mussolini invades Ethiopia to gain his Med. Sea empire • Hitler then demands the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia because it used to belong to Austro-Hungarian Empire • Hitler then wanted Danzig (a port city) to be ceded to Germany • Hitler signs a non-aggression pact with Russia (so as to not have to fight a two front war) and then attacks Poland

17. Germany aggression • German air force (called Luftwaffe) eliminated Poland’s air force • Germany then seized Denmark and Norway • Germany used planes, tanks, bombing, and firepower (called “blitzkrieg”) – means lightning attack or war • Germany took over France • Germany bombed Britain daily • Germany broke the non-aggression pact with Russia and easily defeated the Soviets • Soviets withdrew, winter set in and Germany put a halt to the pursuits

19. Japan • Meanwhile, Japan continued its invasion of China • U.S. was the first to respond with more than words: they limited the amount of oil Japan could import from the U.S. • Japan and Germany sign an alliance with Italy (creating the Axis powers) • Japan took Indonesia – The U.S. responded by freezing all Japanese assets • Japan attacks a naval base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 in Hawaii in response • U.S. joins the war

20. Pearl Harbor

21. Aerial shot of Pearl Harbor

22. U.S. in the war • U.S. joins the Allied forces but is constantly beat down by the Japanese • General Douglas MacArthur – commander of the American forces in the Pacific • 78,000 U.S. troops surrendered to the Japanese • The prisoners were forced to march 65 miles • Called the “Bataan Death March” – If you stopped, you were shot • Meanwhile, in Europe, the U.S. invaded Normandy (France) called D-Day • 3 million Allied troops staged this massive assault (See VIDEO)

23. The Bataan Death March

24. General MacArthur’s return to the Philippines

25. D-Day

29. The War goes on… • Battle of the Bulge: called this because of the German advances with their tanks but they were bombarded with Allied aircraft and the winter • Soviets pushed from the other side • Roosevelt (US), Churchill (UK), Stalin (USSR) all met at the Yalta Conference and they got Stalin to agree to help with war with Japan • Stalin agrees to fight Japan 3 months after Germany’s defeat • In return, Stalin would get control of all of eastern Europe

30. Battle of the Bulge - New Year's Day Snow & frost-covered Browning .30 caliber LMG,in position near Sourbrodt, Belgium Jan 1, 1944

32. Atrocities • Holocaust: the name of mass murder on the Jews • Germany kept on fighting, despite losing so many because of Hitler’s propaganda • Many attempts were made to kill Hitler • Nazi death squads killed high ranking officials (German) • Hitler’s Final Solution: was an outright open edict to kill all Jews • Began exterminating all Jews in concentration camps: • 6 million Jews died • 5 million more died (including Poles, Czechs, Russians, homosexuals, mentally and physically handicapped) • Hitler writes his book “Mein Kampf” • Hitler and his girl (Eva Braun) killed themselves on April 30, 1945 by swallowing cyanide and a gun shot to the head (body is never recovered) • May 8, 1945, Germany surrenders

33. A sign reading “Disinfect and Wash”

34. All prisoners were tattooed

37. Don’t look if you are squeamish…

38. Now on to Japan… • The war refocuses back on the Pacific • Japan gets beat down at the Battle of Midway • Meanwhile, a scientist from Germany defects to the U.S. named Albert Einstein • They begin working on the Manhattan Project (building an atom bomb) • Japan would not surrender and the U.S. was losing many lives island hopping • Harry S. Truman warned Japan to surrender or face the atom bomb • Japan ignored the warning…

44. The Final Bomb • August 6, 1945 an American B-29 dropped an atom bomb on the city of Hiroshima killing 60, 000 immediately and another 140,000 from fall out • Truman again asked for another surrender but Japan refused • August 9, 1945 another bomb was dropped on Nagasaki • Stalin joined the fight and forced Japan out of China • Japan surrenders and the war is declared over • WWII got the world and the US out of the depression ($9.6 billion in spending to $95 billion) • In all, somewhere between 50 to 70 million people lost their lives during WWII – See VIDEO

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