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Delve into the intriguing journey of cell discovery from ancient magnifying glasses to sophisticated microscopes revolutionizing scientific understanding. Meet pivotal figures like Van Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow who laid the foundation for the Cell Theory, revealing the fundamental principles that govern all living organisms. Unravel the mysteries of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, exploring their structures, functions, and impact on life forms across the globe. Witness how bacteria, the tiny yet powerful organisms, shape our existence while contemplating the profound differences between these microscopic building blocks of life.
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Cell DiscoveryHow Did We Find Cells??? It took a long time for people to discover cells and figure out what they were all about. We needed sophisticated equipment (microscopes!) to be able to see cells.
The First Microscopes s The early simple "microscopes“ were only magnifying glasses that had one power, usually about 6x - 10x. One thing that was very common and interesting to look at, were fleas so these early magnifiers called "flea glasses".
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) This Dutch scientist, became the first man to make and use a real microscope. He would grind a small glass ball into a lens with a magnification of 270x, the finest known at that time (other microscopes of the time were lucky to achieve 50x magnification).
Leeuwenhoek, with his new improved microscope, was able to see things that no man had ever seen before like bacteria, yeast, blood cells and many tiny animals swimming in a drop of water. People did not realize that magnification might reveal structures that had never been seen before - the idea that all life might be made up of tiny components unseen by the unaided eye was simply not even considered.
Robert Hooke (1665) Hooke was an English scientist who improved Leeuwenhoek ‘s microscope. He looked at cork through a compound microscope and observed tiny room-like structures that reminded him of the "cells" that monks lived in. Therefore these structures became known as cells.
Matthias Schleiden (1838) Schleiden was German Botanist the viewed plants under a microscope and discovered that plant are made of cells. He is considered to be one of the co-founders of cell theory.
Theodor Schwann (1839) Schwann was a German Biologist who viewed animal parts under a microscope and discovered that animals were also made up of cells. He extended Schleiden's cell theory about plants to animals, stating that ALL living things are composed of cells.
Rudolph Virchow (1855) Virchow was a German physician that stated that all living cells come only from other living cells. Watch this!
Cell Theory Every thing we now know about cells was combined and called the “cell theory”.
Cell Theory says that…. 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are like the building blocks of all living things. 3. New cells are only made from existing cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things
There Are Two Types of Cells Prokaryote Cells And Eukaryote Cells
These are two distinct types of cells with STRUCTURAL differences. Cell Membrane DNA Cytoplasm Nucleus
Prokaryote Cell A simple single celled organism.
Traits of Prokaryotes:(pro-care-ee-ohts) • They do not have a nucleus, and their genetic material is not stored in the nucleus. • They have only a few organelles. • They are less complicated that eukaryotes. • All bacteria are prokaryotes. Archaebacteria are the oldest life forms and can only survive in very harsh conditions. Eubacteria are common and found every where… even in you!
Bacteria may be small but they are powerful! During the 14th century, 25% or ¼ of Europe was killed by a bacteria called the Bubonic Plague, also called Black Death. This bacteria was spread through fleas and rodents.
But at the same time we need bacteria to live! • Bacteria are decomposers and without them all other organisms would not be able to survive. • We use bacteria in our digestive system to help digest our food. There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells as human cells in the human body! • We could not make cheese or yogurt without bacteria.
Eukaryote Cell A more complex cell.
Traits of Eukaryotes:(you-care-ee-othts) • They all have a nucleus where the genetic material of the cell is stored. • They have many organelles and are more complex then prokaryotic cells. • They can be single celled (just one cell) or can make up more complex multi-cellular organisms. • All plants, animals, fungi, and protists are eukaryotic cells.
Animals Fungi All made of Eukaryotic cells! Protist (single celled organisms) Plants
Think – Pair - Share What do you think is the main difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?
The nucleus! PROkaryotic cells have NO nucleus & EUKARYotic cellsDO CARRY a nucleus. If there is time watch this introduction on cells!
