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COU NTRY RESI LIE NCE

Explore the importance of protecting critical assets in Trinidad and Tobago, including legislative frameworks, disaster management, and regional responses. Learn about cascading effects, emergency management, and the impact of infrastructure failure.

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COU NTRY RESI LIE NCE

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  1. COUNTRYRESILIENCE Protecting Trinidad and Tobago’s Critical Assets Colonel D. Wyke, ED.BSC.MDS.

  2. Aim • Definitions • Introduction • Cascading Effects of Critical Infrastructure Failure • Legislative Framework • Background • Disaster Management Framework • Regional and National response • Way forward • Questions CONTENTS

  3. AIM to provide an overview of our Resilience as it pertains to Protecting the Critical INFRASTRUCTURE Assets of Trinidad and Tobago.

  4. The primary physical structures, technical facilities and systemswhich are socially, economically or operationally essential to the functioning of a society or community, both in routine circumstances and in the extreme circumstances of an emergency. Ref. “Comprehensive Disaster Management Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago” Critical Infrastructure

  5. The ability of asystem, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate and recoverfrom the effects of ahazard in atimely and efficient manner, including, through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions. Ref. “Comprehensive Disaster Management Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago”

  6. Emergency Management Cycle

  7. Protecting and Securing the continuity of Trinidad and Tobago’s critical infrastructure and resources are essential to the nation's security, economic vitality, public health, and public safety. • The nation’s critical infrastructure is the combination of physical, economic, and virtual assets whether publicly or privately controlled that are essential to the basic operations of the government, the economy and day-to-day life. • Disruption of the critical infrastructure could significantly dislocate the functioning of both Government and business. Introduction

  8. Critical Infrastructure Protection INVOLVEs a public / private sector partnership

  9. CASCADING EFFECTS A phenomenon whereby a primary threat is followed by a sequence of "secondary hazards". Cascades tend to be dependent on their context and are dynamic systems, in which a branching tree structure originates from a primary event.

  10. CASCADING EFFECTS A sample of cascading effects associated with Critical Infrastructure failure : • Water systems provide water essential for production, cooling and emissions reductions – essential elements within the operation of a number of other CIs such as electric power systems, telecommunications, energy (natural gas/oil) systems, etc. (Rinaldi, Peerenboom and Kelly 2001, 15). • Electric power systems provide power for switches, signaling, pump and lift stations, storage and control systems. As such, electric power is essential to telecommunications, transportation systems, water systems, and energy oil/natural gas) systems. (Rinaldi, Peerenboom and Kelly 2001, 15). • Transportation systems provide mostly shipping services without which other Cis would be considerably disabled. • Telecommunication systems provide communication services as well as the SCADA (i.e., supervisory control and data acquisition) systems essential to ensure smooth functioning and protection of other CIs.

  11. Case study • 29 March 2013 Event: Nationwide Blackout Trinidad and Tobago

  12. SITUATION (PAST) • Date: 29 March 2013 • Event: Nationwide Blackout • Cause: Valve Failure at Phoenix Park Gas Processors Limited, PtLisas which impacted the delivery of Natural Gas to the national gas grid and to the Powergen Point Lisas Power Station

  13. DIRECTLY AFFECTED AREAS : • Nationwide Blackout - • Shut down of Gas Stations • Communication – TSTT, Digicel, Technology was limited (Internet services) • WASA – Caroni plant, is not sustainable with back-up generator

  14. WHAT IF’S

  15. Legislative Framework • No one piece of legislation currently exists which speaks to the protection of Critical Infrastructure in Trinidad and Tobago specifically nor to Critical Energy and Cyber Infrastructure. • Need for the enactment of critical infrastructure protection and Critical Energy infrastructure protection legislation. • Malicious Damages Act (11 of 1925) • Continental Shelf Act (43 of 1969) • Disasters Measures Act Chapter 16:50 (Act 47 of 1978), • Petroleum Act (29 of 1988) • Osh Act (1 of 2004) • National Cybercrime Bill 2014(Draft)

  16. Disaster Measures Act of 1978 • (I) This Act may be cited as the Disasters Measures Act. (2) This Act shall have effect even though inconsistent with sections 4 & 5 of the Constitution. • Where any area in Trinidad and Tobago is affected or is imminently likely to be affected by any fire, flood, landslide, hurricane, earthquake, disease or other calamity, the President may by Proclamation declare that area a disaster area.

  17. Existing policies • Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Critical Infrastructure Protection Strategic Plan (draft) – SSA 2009 • National Security Policy (Draft)- MNS • National Alert State, Public Warning and Information Policy (Draft) • The National Oil Spill Contingency Plan – MEEA 2012 • National Chemical Spill and Gaseous Releases Contingency Plan of Trinidad and Tobago (Draft) • Trinidad and Tobago Cyber Security Strategy • National Cybercrime Policy • National Response Framework – Office of Disaster Preparedness and Management (ODPM) November 2010. • Critical Facilities Protection Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago- ODPM April 2010

  18. Background Consequences demonstrated as a result of the 9/11 terrorists attacks on the World Trade Centre in the United States of America heightened governments’ awareness worldwide, making them more cognisant of the need to improve the protection of national infrastructure, especially those which are critical to a country’s political, economic and social survival.

  19. Background • Commencing in 2007, Trinidad and Tobago made a more concerted effort to strengthen National Critical Infrastructure protection by identifying and assessing Our Critical Sectors, with the hosting of ICC CWC 2007 • In 2009 emphasis was placed on the energy and cyber sectors during the Fifth Summit of the Americas and the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting. • And again recently with the just concluded XII CDMA

  20. Background • Based on this assessment, the following actions took place: • Canadian Energy Infrastructure Protection Feasibility Assessment (2008) • US Liquefied Natural Gas Vulnerability Assessment (2008) • Joint US – Canada Training Needs Assessment (2009) • Development of a Draft Critical Infrastructure Protection Strategic Plan and Draft Cyber Security Strategic Plan (2009)

  21. Background • National Cyber-Security Strategy of Trinidad and Tobago was synchronised to the OAS Comprehensive Inter-American Cyber Security Strategy: A Multidimensional and Multidisciplinary Approach to creating a culture of cyber security. • Through the review of the critical infrastructure protection strategic plan (March 2009) the critical facilities protection (sectorial) policy framework (April 2010) was developed and implemented.

  22. Trinidad and Tobago Critical Facilities

  23. Trinidad and Tobago Critical Facilities

  24. Trinidad and Tobago Disaster Management Framework • The Trinidad and Tobago Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme is based on the Hyogo Framework and the Caribbean Comprehensive Disaster Management Strategy which are both consistent with a risk management approach. • N.B. Hyogo has been replaced by theSendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 • The Hyogo Framework was built around five priorities:

  25. Trinidad and Tobago Disaster Management Framework • Ensure that disaster reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation. • Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning. • Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety & resilience at all levels. • Reduce the underlying risk factors • Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels Ref. “Comprehensive Disaster Management Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago”

  26. Trinidad and Tobago regional RESPONSIBILITY • Under the Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Management Agency agreement (CDEMA, 2008), T&T is the Sub-Regional Focal Point with responsibility for meeting requests for response operations in Grenada, Guyana and Suriname. • The regional response most often triggered by CDEMA at the regional level has been the activation of the military forces to assist in the preservation of law and order and the distribution of relief goods. Ref. “Disaster Risk Reduction Country Document, Trinidad and Tobago (2014)”

  27. The NRF is set within the multi‐hazard environment of the twin island Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. In that regard, it is underpinned by an understanding of the respective threats and vulnerabilities the nation faces. • The NRF outlines an overarching goal, objectives and principles that enable all response partners in Trinidad and Tobago to prepare for and provide a unified and integrated national responseto disasters and emergencies. The National Response Framework (NRF)

  28. The Concept of Operations provides response agencies with a guide to the way a hazard incident may be approached. • A three‐levelled system of response is used depending on the severity of the emergency. Concept of Operations

  29. LEVEL 1 emergency is a localized incident. Such incidents are within the capacity of the local government authorities and other first responder agencies within a Municipality, or the Tobago Emergency Management Agency in the case of Tobago. The first responder agencies may include the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS), the Trinidad and Tobago Fire Service (TTFS) and the Health Services, as necessary. At Level 1, the Emergency Operations Centre of the Municipal Corporation or Tobago will be activated as needed to coordinate the Regional, Borough or City response. Tier/Level 1

  30. LEVEL 2, greater resources would be required for damage assessment, search and rescue, security/ crowd control, relief supply distribution, etc., depending on the type of incident. The Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force (TTDF) usually becomes involved at this level. Tier/Level 2

  31. LEVEL 3, should the national resources become overwhelmed, the President will declare a national emergency. In such a scenario, the ODPM, through the Ministries of National Security, Foreign and CARICOM Affairs and Ministry of Finance, will coordinate the acquisition of regional and international aid assistance. Tier/Level 3

  32. Roles and Responsibilities of the Key Stakeholders

  33. Way forward Implement the critical facilities protection policy framework which covers all sectors Implement Policy on Critical Infrastructure Protection Facilities/Infrastructure Approve and implement the draft critical energy infrastructure protection (CEIP) policy Continuous training and capacity building Develop a Comprehensive disaster management programme

  34. Reference Documents • Canadian Energy Infrastructure Protection Feasibility Assessment (2008) • US Liquefied Natural Gas Vulnerability Assessment (2008) • Joint US – Canada Training Needs Assessment (2009) • Critical Infrastructure Protection Strategic Plan (2009) • Critical Facilities Protection Policy Framework (2010) • Ross National Security Sector Assessment • Trinidad and Tobago National Cyber Security Strategy

  35. Questions?

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