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Survival of the Fittest

Survival of the Fittest. By Kimberly Tuggle Biology Department Tennessee Tech University Cookeville, TN March 2, 2005. Physical Endurance Athletes Non-athletes Fitness exercise. Personal health Sport Performance Activity Strength Agility. Keywords. Table of Contents. Title

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Survival of the Fittest

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  1. Survival of the Fittest By Kimberly Tuggle Biology Department Tennessee Tech University Cookeville, TN March 2, 2005

  2. Physical Endurance Athletes Non-athletes Fitness exercise Personal health Sport Performance Activity Strength Agility Keywords

  3. Table of Contents • Title • Keywords • Table of Contents • Objective • Introduction • Methods and Materials • Results and Discussion • Conclusion • Literature cited

  4. Objective/hypothesis • The objective of the study was to identify any differences between fitness of athletes vs. non-athletes • The problem is wondering if being an athlete “ truly” outweighs not being one. What are the pros and cons to being an athlete vs. not being an athlete • Hypothesis is that athletes are healthier and better physically

  5. Abstract • People often believe that athletes are overall healthier, leaner, and can physically perform better than non-athletes. Speed and strength was administered as a test for the experiment for the sole reason to show whether or not athletes are physically better.

  6. Introduction • If asked the question of who is healthier and more physically fit: the athlete or the non-athlete, the answer will most likely be the athlete. Is this true? In the 19th century, Herbert Spencer used Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species to prove that the stronger of the species will prevail. He termed it “Survival of the Fittest.” This was called Social Darwinism. Even though Darwin did not intend for his works to be so overly simplified, they have. • This study took place because of the noticeable effect of the muscular density, the weight, and the speed of athletes compared to non-athletes. The effect of a person’s body is based on their athletic ability. “There could be a significant difference in body fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart health knowledge, and even the addition of breakfast in the mornings could make a difference” (Bayne-Smith et al 2004).

  7. Methods and Materials • The study was conducted on the campus of Tennessee Tech University. A series of test were given. First, each subject was asked to lift the maximum amount of weight with legs. Then, the subjects were asked sprint as fast as possible around the track once (1/4 mile). Last, the heart rate was calculated before the run around the track and after the run around the track. The Resting heart rate (RHR) was taken along with the Maximum heart rate (MHR) and the Recovery heart rate. The difference between Resting and Recovery heart rate is that the recovery heart rate was done after exercise. The quicker the recovery rate drops, the better.

  8. Methods/materials • Weights in the fitness center of Tennessee Tech Univ. were used to do the weight portion of the experiment. For each subject the total amount of weight was recorded along with the number of times the weight was lifted . A stop watch was used to measure the length of time it took for the subjects to complete the run around the track. There were two female subjects around the same weight, and there were two male subjects around the same weight. After all the tests were taken, the data was recorded in tables and in graphs. • Materials used: weights, stop watch, and calculator

  9. Methods/data table (cont’d)

  10. Data

  11. Data

  12. Data

  13. Results • The results were that most of the athlete’s speeds, weight lifting ability, and heart rate were directly proportional to the person’s title of being an athlete or a non-athlete. If the person was athletic, they completed the experiment at a faster and more efficient rate. The non-athletes were not as strong or as fast as the athletes. Figure 1 shows the amount of weight lifted and the number of times the weight was lifted among the athletes and non-athletes. Figure 2 shows the amount of time it took athletes and non-athletes to run around the track. Last, Figure 3 shows the heart rate of athletes and non-athletes.

  14. Conclusions • In conclusion, the athletes of this experiment were healthier and physically stronger • The hypothesis was accepted.

  15. Literature Cited • Bayne-Smith, Marcia et al.2004. Improvements in heart health behaviors and reduction in coronary artery disease risk factors in urban teenaged girls through a school-based intervention: The PATH program. American Journal of Public Health. 94:1538-1543. • Williams, Clyde. 1994. Assessment of physical performance. British Medical Journal. 309:180.

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