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Validity

Validity. Today’s class. Check-in Quiz Validity lecture. Check in. Quiz—only a quiz, worth 3% of grade Article assignment two is posted You can choose an article or use the one I suggest Exam review guide is posted You can work in groups if you want

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Validity

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  1. Validity

  2. Today’s class • Check-in • Quiz • Validity lecture

  3. Check in • Quiz—only a quiz, worth 3% of grade • Article assignment two is posted • You can choose an article or use the one I suggest • Exam review guide is posted • You can work in groups if you want • Bring your completed review guide to class next Thursday the 13th

  4. Validity • Is a key issue • Is crucial in psychology • Is hard to establish • …is poorly dealt with in your book • So I will post these slides

  5. Various types of validity we will cover • Construct validity • Content validity • Face validity • Concurrent validity • Predictive validity • Discriminant validity • Convergent validity

  6. Construct Validity • The most important, overarching type of validity • Takes time and research to establish • Construct: An organized, systematic scientific idea or concept meant to fully describe a phenomenon • Construct: Is “it” really what we think “it” is?

  7. Construct validity • Is “it” really what we think “it” is? • Does it occur at the rate we think • Does it actually have the qualities we expect • Or more or less or different ones? • Can it be measured in the way we expect • Is it related to other things the way we expect • If its an illness do the risks that we think should cause it, actually cause it? • Do the things that should cure it actually cure it?

  8. Construct Validity, example • Psychopathy—the construct • Distinct from Anti-social personality disorder • ASPD is a set of behaviors • Psychopathy is a presumed set of personality characteristics and qualities • People with ASPD may not be psychopaths

  9. Psychopathy • Superficial charm • Extreme self centeredness • Lack of empathy • Inability to learn from experience • Deceptive • Shallow emotions • Impulsive, reckless, “thrill” seeking

  10. Psychopathy • Average intelligence • Easily bored • Lack remorse • Irresponsible • Manipulative • Lack emotional insight into self and others

  11. Building Construct Validity Biology/Neurology Poor arousal Lack of amygdala activity Poor limbic system Childhood development Behavior Criminality socialization Demographics Cause Family history, genetics Psychopathy Construct Relationships Stability, type, depth Attitudes Self-serving Job, lifestyle

  12. Building construct validity • Each aspect of the construct has to be measured--well • Each aspect is itself a construct • Sustained high quality contrary evidence should make us alter our construct • Popular culture ideas are often at odds with scientific constructs • This can be frustrating to clinical scientists

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