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Validity

Validity. Review. Definition. Does it (method/measure) measure what it is intended to measure? Internal Validity (was there a genuine effect?) External Validity (can we generalise the findings?). Poor Validity Milgram (?) Zimbardo Tajfel Loftus Gould Gardner & Gardner. Good Validity

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Validity

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  1. Validity Review

  2. Definition • Does it (method/measure) measure what it is intended to measure? • Internal Validity (was there a genuine effect?) • External Validity (can we generalise the findings?)

  3. Poor Validity Milgram (?) Zimbardo Tajfel Loftus Gould Gardner & Gardner Good Validity Piliavin Rosenhan (?) Samual & Bryant Hodges & Tizard Raine Deregowski Studies

  4. Threats to Internal Validity • Type 1 and 2 Errors. • Reliability to measures and procedure. • Random errors. • Order effects/testing. • Drop-out. • Sample bias.

  5. Threats to External Validity • Construct validity • Mono-method bias. • Demand Characteristics. • Researcher bias. • Generalisation to other populations. • Ecological validity.

  6. Methods of Testing Validity • Content/Face Validity. • Predictive Validity. • Concurrent Validity. • Construct Validity. (Relates well to theory/expectations).

  7. Issue • It is easy to note that methods that are usually reliable are not always valid and that methods low in reliability are often valid. • It may be that much of human experience can not be studied in a restrictive scientific way to be valid.

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