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Brain Structure. Hindbrain. structures in the top part of the spinal cord, controls basic biological functions that keep us alive. . Medulla. controls blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing . Pons.
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Hindbrain • structures in the top part of the spinal cord, controls basic biological functions that keep us alive.
Medulla • controls blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing
Pons • connects the hindbrain with the mid and forebrain, also involved in the control of facial expressions
Cerebellum • portion of the lower brain that coordinates and organizes bodily movements for balance and accuracy
Midbrain • between the hind and forebrain, coordinates simple movements with sensory information
Forebrain • controls what we think of as thought and reason
Thalamus • portion of the lower brain that functions primarily as a central relay station for incoming and outgoing messages from the body to the brain and the brain to the body
Hypothalamus • portion of the lower brain that regulates basic needs (hunger, thirst) and emotions such as pleasure, fear, rage, and sexuality
Amygdala and Hippocampus • two arms surrounding the thalamus, important in how we process and perceive memory and emotion
The limbic system • TheHypothalamus, Amygdala and Hippocampus- • are grouped together and called because they all deal with aspects of emotion and memory
Central nervous system • brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system- • all other nerves
Somatic nervous system- • controls voluntary movements
Autonomic nervous system- • controls involuntary movements
Sympathetic nervous system- • speeds things up • prepares body for fight or flight
Parasympathetic nervous system- • brings the body back to normal
Cerebral cortex- • covers the lower brain • controls mental processes such as thought
Frontal lobes • contains the motor strip and frontal association area
Parietal lobes • area that contains the sensory strip
Occipital lobes • area that interprets visual information
Temporal lobes • area responsible for hearing and some speech functions
Hormones chemical regulators that control bodily processes such as: • emotional responses • growth • sexuality
Pituitary gland • the master gland of the body that activates other glands and controls the growth hormone
Thyroid gland • controls and regulates the speed of bodily processes called metabolism
Adrenal glands • glands that release the hormone that causes excitement in order to prepare the body for an emergency
Adrenaline • chemical that prepares the body for emergency activity by increasing blood pressure, breathing rate, and energy level
Absolute thresholds minimum stimulation necessary to detect a stimulus 50% of the time • candle flame from 30 mi • watch ticking from 20 ft • wing of a bee falling on check from height of ½ inch • single drop of perfume in three-room apartment • one teaspoon of sugar in two gallons of water
Signal detection theory • absolute thresholds vary depending on experience, motivation, expectation, alertness (sister hearing baby cry)
Subliminal • any signal below threshold (by definition you will detect it some % of time)
Difference threshold • the minimum difference that a person can detect between two stimuli
Weber’s law • to perceive a difference, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount)