Brain Structure for Law- Neuro

1. Brain Structure for Law-Neuro “The seat of the soul and the control of voluntary movement – in fact, of nervous functions in general – are to be sought in the heart. The brain is an organ of minor importance.” – Aristotle “We saw that an exact knowledge of the structure of the brain was of supreme interest... To know the brain, we said, is equivalent to ascertaining the material course of thought and will, to discovering the intimate history of life in its perpetual duel with external forces; a history summarized and in a way engraved in the defensive neuronal coordinations of the reflex, of instinct and of the association of ideas.” – Santiago Ramon y Cajal

2. Goals • Introduce terms used in science and medicine to describe basic brain locations and structures. • Introduce the general organization of the human nervous system. • Introduce the importance of blood supply for normal brain functioning. • Resources • Books • Webpages • http://www.brainmuseum.org/ • www.thehumanbrain.info/

3. Neuroanatomical terms of orientation & location

4. Functional subdivisions of the human brain

5. Structural subdivisions of the central nervous system

6. Protection of the brain, the skull and meninges

7. Cells of the Nervous System Neurons Neurons generate and propagate nerve impulses Glia Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons

8. Cells of the Nervous System Gray matter – locations with concentrated cell bodies White matter – locations with myelinated axons

9. Organization of the human cerebral cortex The cerebral cortex is folded into gyri (hills) and sulci (valleys)

10. Organization of the human cerebral cortex The four lobes of the cerebral cortex

11. Cerebral cortex has two hemispheres connected by corpus callosum

12. Organization of the human cerebral cortex: major gyri and sulci

13. Organization of the human cerebral cortex: It’s not like this

14. Organization of the human cerebral cortex: frontal lobe Supplementary motor area Primary motor cortex Premotor area Dorsolateral PFC Prefrontal cortex (PFC) Broca’s area Ventrolateral PFC Ventro- medial PFC Orbitofrontal cortex

15. The importance of the frontal lobe: Phineas Gage

16. Organization of the human cerebral cortex: parietal lobe Primary somatosensory Temporal- Parietal junction

17. Organization of the human cerebral cortex: temporal lobe Wernicke’s area Primary auditory cortex Auditory object perception Visual object perception

18. Organization of the human cerebral cortex: occipital lobe Guiding movements in sequence and space Primary visual cortex Visual object perception

19. Organization of subcortical systems

20. Organization of subcortical systems: Limbic system Memory and emotion

21. Organization of subcortical systems: Basal ganglia Control of movement, thought and emotion

22. Blood supply to the brain