Nutrition and distribution of food

1. Nutrition and distribution of food

2. Nutrition • Nutrients are found in foods • Nutrients are required for growth, maintenance, reproduction • Good nutrition is to promote health and prevent diseases

3. Essential Nutrients for Primates

4. Carbohydrates Simple Complex

5. Carbohydrates • monosacchrides- simple sugars and cross over quickly from the lining of the gut into the blood stream (quick rush). Glucose and fructose • oligosacchrides- 2-10 monosacc. Together has some role in cancer prevention and is targeted by pharmaceutical companies for synthetic production.

6. Carbohydrates • Polysacchrides-11-20,000 monosaccs together. • Cellulose- major structural component of plant walls (known as structural carbs). Hard to break down. Gut fermentation, slow gut rate, specialized anatomy. • Starch- is a non-structural carb. Fairly easily broken down. (potato) • Chitin- is considered to be an intermediate one. Found in insect exoskeletons.

7. Protein(Animal and plants)

8. Building blocks of the body • Help repair tissue • Important to the formation of ant-bodies for immune system • Growth, reproduction

9. Essential amino acids (must be supplied by diet) Means the body can’t manufacture these Non-essential amino acids can be manufactured by the body (still needed but not critical) Amino acids

10. Tryptophan- natural relaxant, reduces anxiety and depression, helps immune system, Turkey has this in it! Phenlyalanine-keeps you awake, helps produce norepinephrine which enhances the signals between the brain and nerve cells. Some people have a condition PKU (can’t metabolize) Some essential amino acids

11. Lipids/Fats Saturated Fat Unsaturated Fat Depends on the concentration of fatty acids (Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, unsaturated fats are liquid). Higher concentration of energy Per gram than protein or carbs

12. Vitamins • Need for metabolism • Need in small quantities • Vitamin A - needed for growth, good skin, eyesight (found in liver, butter, milk, cheese, fish oil) • Vitamin D - bone maintenance allows for absorption of calcium (eggs, fish liver oils, margarine)

13. Vitamins • Vitamin K - help blood to clot, elderly are encouraged to take vitamin K for bone maintenance(spinach, broccoli, dark greens) • Vitamin E -oxygen transport in blood, fatigue. (nuts, wheat germ, egg yolks) • Vitamin B- aids digestion, antibodies production, cramps (premenstrual), improved circulation. (Yeast, oatmeal, dairy, liver, broccoli, avocado, meat coffee peanuts). • Vitamin C - teeth gums, bones- green peppers, broccoli, citrus, potatoes

14. Minerals/Elements • Four elements make up 96% of the body (oxygen, • Hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen) • The rest is comprised of inorganic minerals (sulpher, sodium, potassium, iron).

15. Not equal to a toxin or poison Not essential for growth or development of plant Alkaloid- bitter to taste. Plants can produce these without much effort and can inhibit metabolism in herbivores. Must pass through gut first. Secondary compounds

16. Secondary compounds • Tannin- also bitter Larger molecule than alkaloids and doesn’t have to pass through the gut wall to do damage.

17. Water

18. Poor nutrition can occur from inadequate or excess intake