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Day One

Day One. The French Revolution 1789 - 1799. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity… -- Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities.

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Day One

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  1. Day One

  2. The French Revolution 1789-1799

  3. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity… -- Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities

  4. Socio-Economic Data, 1789

  5. Financial Problemsin France, 1789 • Urban Commoner’sBudget: • Food 80% • Rent 25% • Tithe 10% • Taxes 35% • Clothing 20% • TOTAL 170% • King’s Budget: • Interest 50% • Army 25% • Versailles 25% • Coronation 10% • Loans 25% • Admin. 25% • TOTAL 160%

  6. Lettres de Cachet The French king could warrant imprisonment or death in asigned letter under his seal. A carte-blanche warrant. Cardinal Fleury issued 80,000during the reign of Louis XV! Eliminated in 1790.

  7. The French Monarchy:1775 - 1793 Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

  8. Day Two

  9. Convening the Estates General May, 1789 Last time it was called into session was 1614!

  10. The Suggested Voting Pattern:Voting by Estates Clergy 1st Estate 1 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 1 1 Commoners 3rd Estate Louis XIV insisted that the ancient distinction of the three orders be conserved in its entirety.

  11. The Number of Representativesin the Estates General: Vote by Head! Clergy 1st Estate 300 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 300 648 Commoners 3rd Estate

  12. “The Third Estate Awakens” • The commoners finally presented their credentials not as delegates of the Third Estate, but as “representatives of the nation.” • They proclaimed themselves the “National Assembly” of France.

  13. “The Tennis Court Oath”by Jacques Louis David June 20, 1789

  14. Europe on the Eve of theFrench Revolution

  15. Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789 A rumor that the king was planning a military coup against the National Assembly. 18 died. 73 wounded. 7 guards killed. It held 7 prisoners [5 ordinary criminals & 2 madmen].

  16. The Pathof the“GreatFear”

  17. Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791

  18. National Constituent Assembly1789 - 1791 Liberté! Egalité! Fraternité! August DecreesAugust 4-11, 1789 (A renunciation of aristocratic privileges!)

  19. The Tricolor (1789) The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris. Citizen!

  20. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen August 26, 1789 • Liberty! • Property! • Resistance to oppression! • Thomas Jefferson was in Paris at this time.

  21. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Posed New Dilemmas Did women have equal rights with men? What about free blacks in the colonies? How could slavery be justified if all men were born free? Did religious toleration of Protestants and Jews include equal political rights?

  22. Day Three

  23. March of the Women,October 5-6, 1789 A spontaneous demonstration of Parisian women for bread. We want the baker, the baker’s wife and the baker’s boy!

  24. The Royal Family Attempts to Flee • June, 1791 • Helped by the Swedish Count Hans Axel von Fusen [Marie Antoinette’s lover]. • Headed toward the Luxembourgborder. • The King wasrecognized atVarennes, nearthe border

  25. Louis XVI as a Pig • For the Montagnards, the king was a traitor. • The Girondins felt that the Revolution had gone far enough and didn’t want to execute the king [maybe exile him].

  26. Louis XVI’s Head (January 21, 1793) • The trial of the king was hastened by the discovery in a secret cupboard in the Tuilieres of a cache of documents. • They proved conclusively Louis’ knowledge and encouragement of foreign intervention. • The National Convention voted387 to 334 to execute the monarchs.

  27. Marie Antoinette as a Serpent The “Widow Capet”

  28. Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine

  29. Marie Antoinette Died in October, 1793

  30. Committee for Public Safety • Revolutionary Tribunals. • 300,000 arrested. • 16,000 – 50,000 executed.

  31. Maximillian Robespierre(1758 – 1794)

  32. The Reign of Terror Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. -- Robespierre Let terror be the order of the day! • The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris alone executed 2,639 victims in 15 months. • The total number of victims nationwide was over 20,000!

  33. Different Social Classes Executed 7% 8% 28% 25% 31%

  34. The “Monster” Guillotine The last guillotine execution in France was in 1977!

  35. The Radical’s Arms: No God!No Religion!No King!No Constitution!

  36. The Arrest of Robespierre

  37. The Revolution ConsumesIts Own Children! Robespierre Lies WoundedBefore the Revolutionary Tribunal that will order him to be guillotined, 1794. Danton Awaits Execution, 1793

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