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Chemical Formula and Naming

Chemical Formula and Naming. Octet rule: atoms react to acquire a full outer shell : Give away an e - to another atom. Take an e - from another atom. Share an e - with another atom. Ionic bond. Covalent bond. An ION is an atom that has lost or gained an electron .

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Chemical Formula and Naming

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  1. Chemical Formula and Naming

  2. Octet rule: atoms react to acquire a full outer shell: • Give away an e- to another atom. • Take an e- from another atom. • Share an e-with another atom. Ionic bond Covalent bond An ION is an atom that has lost or gained an electron. Lose e- – positive ion OR cation. (metals) Gain e- – negative ion OR anion. (nonmetals)

  3. Writing Rule 1: Write the symbol of the metallic element first. Beryllium combines with Chlorine + 2 - 1 Be Cl Rule 2: Place the combiningcapacityof one element as a subscript of the other element.

  4. Rule 3:Leave subscripts with a value of 1 out. Be Cl2 1 • Two Naming rules: • Write the full name of the metal ionfirst. • Name the non-metal iondropping the last • part of the name and adding the suffix “ide”. beryllium chlor ide

  5. Rule 4: Reduce the subscripts if possible. Magnesium combines with Sulfur + 2 - 2 Mg S MgS magnesium sulph ide

  6. Transition metals can give away different numbers of electrons. To avoid confusion: Brackets are used to show how many electrons the Transition metal is giving away.

  7. Iron (II) chloride Iron (III) chloride + 2 - + 3 - 1 1 Fe Cl Fe Cl FeCl2 FeCl3

  8. Write the name of the ionic compound: +4 -2 + - 1 Pb O PbO 2 lead oxide (IV)

  9. Covalent Compound: Contain two or more NON-METAL atoms. Formed by SHARING valence electrons to fill outer shell – octet rule. • A molecule is the smallest unit of a covalent compound. Non-metal + Non-metal = covalent bonding

  10. Step 1: firstnon-metal is named with a prefix to show the number of atoms. We do not use “mono” for the first non-metal. Step 2: secondnon-metal is named with a prefix AND with the “ide” ending. N O 2 4 nitrogen oxide di tetra dinitrogen tetroxide

  11. Writing formulas Step 1: Write the symbol of each element. Step 2: Use a subscriptto show the number of each type of atom given by the prefix. Do not reducecovalent formulas. di phosphorus oxide penta PO 2 5

  12. Polyatomic Ions (poly = many) Groups of covalently bonded atoms that act as ions. Polyatomic ions function as one unit with one charge – lose or gain electrons. DO NOT change the subscripts of polyatomic ions. Al(C2H3O2)3

  13. Write the name of the ionic compound: + - 1 Al C2H3O2 Al(C2H3O2) 3 aluminum acetate

  14. Ni(NO3)2 • magnesium sulfate • KMnO4 • iron (III) hydroxide • Ca(C2H3O2)2 • silver chromate • PbCO3 • tin (IV) sulfate • Na2HPO4 • ammonium nitrite nickel (II) nitrate MgSO4 potassium permanganate Fe(OH)3 calcium acetate Ag2CrO4 lead (II) carbonate Sn(SO4)2 sodium hydrogen phosphate NH4NO2

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