Verb Review

1. Verb Review Transitive or Intransitive Sit, Set, Lie, Lay, Rise and Raise Subject-Verb agreement Pronoun-Verb Agreement Main and Helping Action or Linking Regular and Irregular Tense

2. Transitive and Intransitive • A transitive verb is a verb that expresses an action TOWARD a person, place, thing or idea. The action passes from the doer (subject) to the receiver (direct object-D.O.) • Example: Tamisha entertained the child. • Transitive verbs are always ACTION VERBS. • An intransitive verb tells something about the subject or expresses action without passing to a receiver or object. • *Intransitive verbs DO NOT have a Direct Object! • Example: My cousin plays every week. • Intransitive verbs may be action or linking.

3. Transitive or Intransitive? The girl scout gathered her Samoas and Tagalongs and sold them at the local Kroger. The girl scout gathered her Samoas and Tagalongs and sold them at the local Kroger. This sentence has a direct object, so it is transitive. The reported details of the crash were terrifying. The reported details of the crash were terrifying. (terrifying is a predicate adjective) This sentence has no direct object, so it is intransitive.

4. Sit, Set, Lie, Lay, Rise and Raise • Sit –to rest in an upright position • Set- to put or place an object • Lie – to rest or recline • Lay – to put or place an object • Rise – to get up or go up • Raise – to move something up, to grow something, or to increase • *sit and lie refer to a resting position • *set and lay mean to “put an object somewhere”

5. Sit, Set, Lie, Lay, Rise and Raise Carrie and Joan _____ early each morning and drink coffee. Carrie and Joan rise early each morning and drink coffee. The sun has _____ earlier than usual since the time changed. The sun has risen earlier than usual since the time changed. The sun has set earlier than usual since the time changed. I _____ at 6:30 this morning. I rose at 6:30 this morning.

6. Subject-Verb agreement • The girls (is, are) ready for the basketball game. • The girls (is, are) ready for the basketball game. • The coach (will call, called) a time-out and talked about new plays. • The coach (will call, called) a time-out and talked about new plays. • The fans will now (observed, observe) the end of the game. • The fans will now (observed, observe) the end of the game.

7. Subject-Verb Agreement • Identify the tense of the underlined verb or verb phrase. • The cat sits quietly. • Present • Julie is eating her hot dog. • Present participle • The mother rocked the baby to soothe his crying. • Past • Will you stay calm during the fire drill? • future

8. Subject-Verb Agreement Identify the tense of the underlined verb or verb phrase. • Erin has worn that shirt before. • Present perfect and Past participle (they are the same) • Ms. Agent will have covered ratios before the MCT2 test. • Future perfect • Had you driven past Malco Grand before today? • Past perfect • Remain calm! • Present

9. Pronoun-Verb Agreement Identify the tense of the underlined verb or verb phrase. ** Remember singular subjects have a verb that end in -s • He and Mary (has been, have been) partners all week. • have been – he and Mary are plural • Chelsea and they (is going, are going) to the mall after school. • are going – Chelsea and they is plural • (Is, Are) anyone attending the meeting in the morning? • Is – anyone is singular • Some of the marbles (has been, have been) lost. • Have been – marbles is plural *If something is countable its is plural (fruit, kids). *If something is not countable it is singular (water, sand).

10. Pronoun - Antecedents • The antecedent is the word or word group that the pronoun represents. • The pronoun should agree in number and gender with its antecedent. For example: • The stable is large. It has stalls for thirty horses. • My aunt sold her car. • Nobody in the class finished his or her paper early. • Either Miguel or Randall had his paintings on display.

11. Main and Helping Verbs • A verb may be a singular word or consist of several words known as a verb phrase. • Main verb – the verb that carries the meaning of the action or state of being. • The dog barkedall night. • Helping (auxiliary) verb – A verb that comes before the main verb in a verb phrase and helps to express action or state of being. • The dog has been fed by now.

12. Main and Helping Verbs Identify the verb as main or helping. • The cat sits quietly. • Main verb • Julie is eating her hot dog. • Helping verb • The mother rocked the baby to soothe his crying. • Main verb • Will you stay calm during the fire drill? • Helping verb

13. Action and Linking Verbs • Linking Verb – expresses state of being and connects the subject to a predicate nominative or predicate adjective. • The firefighters grew tired by the end of the night. • Action Verb – expresses either mental or physical activity • Sharon misunderstood my question.

14. Action and Linking Verbs Identify the verb as action or linking. • You can be stubborn at times. • Linking verb • He grew weary running up and down the platform. • Linking Verb • They will hear the expression in my voice. • Action verb • Will you stay calm during the fire drill? • Action verb

15. Action and Linking Verbs Identify the verb as action or linking. • You are frustrating at times. • Linking verb • He seemed tired after track practice. • Linking Verb • They will note the irony in my tone. • Action verb • Will you develop the film on my camera? • Action verb

16. Regular and Irregular Verbs • Regular verbs – a verb that forms its past tense by adding –d or –ed to the base (the base is the infinitive form without “to.”) walk, walked, have walked, will walk, had walked, has walked, will have walked. • Irregular Verbs – a verb that forms its past tense in another way besides adding –d or –ed. Sing, sang, have sung.

17. Regular and Irregular Verbs regular irregular irregular regular irregular irregular irregular

18. Conjugate the tenses eat ate will eat have eaten will have eaten had eaten swim swam will swim have swum will have swum had swum set set will set have set will have set had set sit sat will sit have sat will have sat had sat lie lay will lie have lain will have lain had lain lay laid will lay have laid will have laid had laid rise rose will rise have risen had risen will have risen raise raised will raise have raised will have raised had raised hear heard will hear have heard had heard will have heard

19. Putting It All Together The second-largest island of the United States, Kodiak Island, (is, are) located in the Gulf of Alaska. The thirteen thousand people on Kodiak Island (is, are) mostly of Scandinavian, Russian, or Native Arctic descent. The citizens of Kodiak (call, calls) Alaska the mainland. Sacks of mail (is, are) flown there from the mainland. Industries in the community, originally known as Kikhtak, (include, includes) farming, fishing, and mining. One cannery on the island (cans, can) salmon eggs, or roe. Many residents on the mainland (considers, consider) roe a delicacy. Bears on this island (catch, catches) fresh salmon. However, their search for leftovers often (create, creates) problems for Kodiak. The officials of one town (has, have) had to put a special bear-proof fence around the garbage dump. (Source- p. 174 Language) is are call are include cans consider catch creates have

20. Agreement with Pronouns PracticeChoose the correct word in parentheses. • Nearly everybody in Ruby Lee’s family (enjoy, enjoys) tomato soup. • Neither of them (was, were) wearing a helmet. • Each of the songs (is, are) by Josephine Marie. • Someone in the crowd (is, are) waving a pennant, but I can’t tell whether it’s Nick. • No one (was, were) listening to the speaker. • (Do, Does) either of them know how? • Most of the balloons (has, have) long strings. • All of the girls wearing purple uniforms (play, plays) on the softball team. • Few of those songs (was, were) composed by Duke Ellington. enjoys was is is was Does have play were

21. Let’s See What You Know… Which sentence does not use a present tense verb? • Quickly, go to the mines and collect as many diamonds as you can. • Put the diamonds in this bucket, but do not approach the mines if it is too dangerous. • If he had not returned in time, the balloon would have launched without him. • Run to the platform and take the tarps off of the balloons.

22. Answer • Which sentence does not use a present tense verb? • Quickly, go to the mines and collect as many diamonds as you can. • Put the diamonds in this bucket, but do not approach the mines if it is too dangerous. • If he had not returned in time, the balloon would have launched without him. • Run to the platform and take the tarps off of the balloons.

23. Let’s Try Another One… Which of the following sentences contains an adverb clause and a future perfect verb? • Will you have completed your homework before you go to the basketball game tonight? • Had you completed your homework on time, you would not be in this predicament. • Has your father taught you how to fish in the deep blue sea? • Will you have completed that project in time?

24. Answer Which of the following sentences contains an adverb clause and a future perfect verb? • Will you have completed your homework before you go to the basketball game tonight? • Had you completed your homework on time, you would not be in this predicament. • Has your father taught you how to fish in the deep blue sea? • Will you have completed that project in time?

25. And again… Which of the following sentences is compound-complex and contains a future tense verb? • A. He must have had a horrible time of it, for he was not only being thrashed by the bending trees and wind-whipped underbrush of the jungle but was also going up and down with the sickening motion of Krakatoa’s surface. • B. The noise was formidable and the waves caused so much damage that the people moved away from the tips of the islands in great haste. • C. I am going to sell these cuff links, build myself a balloon which I will christen the Globe the Second, and I shall attach to this balloon a basket house and a seagull catcher on which I am now working. • D. I assure you that I must have been awfully close to death when Captain Simon of the S.S. Cunningham sighted me and picked me up twenty minutes after my crash.

26. Answer… Which of the following sentences is compound-complex and contains a future tense verb? • A. He must have had a horrible time of it, for he was not only being thrashed by the bending trees and wind-whipped underbrush of the jungle but was also going up and down with the sickening motion of Krakatoa’s surface. • B. The noise was formidable and the waves cuased so much damage that the people moved away from the tips of the islands in great haste. • C. I am going to sell these cuff links, build myself a balloon which I will christen the Globe the Second, and I shall attach to this balloon a basket house and a seagull catcher on which I am now working. • D. I assure you that I must have been awfully close to death when Captain Simon of the S.S. Cunningham sighted me and picked me up twenty minutes after my crash.

27. Last one… Which of the following sentences does not use at least one regular verb in the past tense? • A. The residents crafted a unique contraption that allowed them to escape the island during a volcanic eruption. • B. The captain commissioned his crew to save Professor Sherman’s life. • C. The noise was formidable and the waves caused so much damage that the people moved away from the tips of the island. • D. They brought with them all of the food from Mrs. D.’s kitchen.

28. Answer… Which of the following sentences does not use at least one regular verb in the past tense? • A. The residents crafted a unique contraption that allowed them to escape the island during a volcanic eruption. • B. The captain commissioned his crew to save Professor Sherman’s life. • C. The noise was formidable and the waves caused so much damage that the people moved away from the tips of the island. • D. They brought with them all of the food from Mrs. D.’s kitchen.