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Assignment 1. Modified data (with missing values). Unusual observations. Missing value code (-99) not recoded [4 cases] Out-of-range data values (0, 6) [4 cases] Inconsistent ratings (e.g., all 1’s (5’s) for LS, but all 5’s (1’s) for PA) [6 cases] Unusual data patterns:
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Unusual observations • Missing value code (-99) not recoded [4 cases] • Out-of-range data values (0, 6) [4 cases] • Inconsistent ratings (e.g., all 1’s (5’s) for LS, but all 5’s (1’s) for PA) [6 cases] • Unusual data patterns: • Alternating 1’s and 5’s or 5’s and 1’s [6 cases] • Sequential numbers (1-2-3-4-5-1-2-3-4-5 etc.) [4 cases] • All 1’s or all 5’s [6 cases]
Identifying careless responses in surveys (Meade and Craig 2012) • Special items or scales used to identify careless responders (e.g., bogus items, instructed response items, self-report measures of response quality); • Post hoc methods (consistency or inconsistency indices, outlier indices, response time measures, etc.)
Examples of IMC’s • Between 14% and 46% of respondents failed this test in Oppenheimer et al. (2009)
Examples of IMC’s • About 7% ofrespondents (out of over 1000) failed this test (see Oppenheimer et al. 2009)