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Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions ( p, d, 3He) in storage rings

International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics. Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions ( p, d, 3He) in storage rings. June 14, 2012 Frank Rathmann

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Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions ( p, d, 3He) in storage rings

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  1. International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions (p, d, 3He) in storage rings June 14, 2012 Frank Rathmann on behalf ofthe BNL-EDM and JEDI collaborations International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics 10-16 June 2012 Kolymbari, Crete, Greece

  2. Topics • Why EDMs? • Search for EDMs usingstoragerings • Twoprojects, at BNL andJülich • Spin coherence time • First directmeasurement Resonance Method with RF E(B) -fields • Summary Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  3. Mega-ton Detectors Stability (p-decay) Neutrino physics LHC Super-beam Factories Intensity Mass (Higgs) Supersymmetry Extra Dimensions Energy The Scientific Frontiers to address well-defined questions about the physics of our World CKM QGP nMass CosmicParticles Dark Matter Dark Energy Dedicated Small-scale Facilities Precision Cosmic Underground Labs, Non-accelerator Symmetries (TRV, EDM) Complexity RHIC Matter  Materials QCD phasediagram Radiation Facilities Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  4. Whatcausedthe Baryon asymmetry? Carina Nebula: Largest-seen star-birth regions in the galaxy • Sakharov (1967):Three conditions for baryogenesis • B number conservation violated sufficiently strongly • C and CP violated,B and anti-Bs with different rates • Evolution of universe outside thermal equilibrium Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  5. Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) Permanent EDMs violate parity P and time reversal symmetry T Assuming CPT to hold, combined symmetry CP violated as well. EDMs arecandidatestosolvemysteryof matter-antimatter asymmetry  mayexplainwhywearehere! Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  6. Historyofneutron EDM limits • Smith, Purcell, Ramsey PR 108, 120 (1957) • RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 2.9 10-26ecm) PRL 97,131801 (2006) Adoptedfrom K. Kirch Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  7. Limits for Electric Dipole Moments EDM searches - onlyupperlimitsuptonow (in ecm): Hugeeffortsunderwaytoimprovelimits / find EDMs SensitivitytoNEW PHYSICS beyondthe Standard Model 485. WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406, 2011) SearchforElectric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings http://www2.fz-juelich.de/ikp/edm/en/ Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  8. Why also EDMs of protons and deuterons? Proton anddeuteron EDM experimentsmayprovideone order highersensitivity. In particularthedeuteronmayprovide a muchhighersensitivitythanprotons. • Consensus in the theoretical community: • Essential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p, d, 3He) with similar sensitivity: • unfold the underlying physics, • explain the baryogenesis. Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  9. Search for Electric Dipole Moments NEW: EDM search in time developmentofspinin a storage ring: “Freeze“ horizontal spinprecession; watch fordevelopmentof a verticalcomponent! Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  10. The frozen spin Method Fortransverseelectricandmagneticfields in a ring ( ), anomalousspin precession isdescribedby x Magic condition: Spin alongmomentumvector Foranysignof G, in a combinedelectricandmagneticmachine For G>0 (protons) in an all electric ring (magic) Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  11. Magic condition: Protons E-fieldonly Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  12. Magic condition: Deuterons E and B fields Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  13. Magic condition: Helions E and B fields Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  14. Search for Electric Dipole Moments NEW: EDM search in time developmentofspinin a storage ring: “Freeze“ horizontal spinprecession; watch fordevelopmentof a verticalcomponent! A magicstorage ring forprotons (electrostatic), deuterons, … Onemachinewith r ~ 30 m Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  15. Twostorage ring projectsbeingpursued Jülich, focus on deuterons, or a combinedmachine BNL forprotons all electricmachine CW and CCW propagatingbeams (from A. Lehrach) (fromR. Talman) Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  16. BNL Proposal 2 beamssimultaneouslyrotating in a ring (CW, CCW) ApprovedBNL-Proposal Submittedto DOEGoal forprotons Circumference ~ 200 m Technological challenges ! • Spin coherence time (1000 s) • Beam positioning (10 nm) • Continuouspolarimetry (< 1ppm) • E - fieldgradients (~ 17MV/m at 2 cm) Carry out proofofprincipleexperiments (demonstrators) atCOSY Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  17. EDM at COSY –COolerSYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons p = 0.3 – 3.7 GeV/c Phase space cooled internal & extracted beams COSY … the spin-physics machine for hadron physics Injector cyclotron Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  18. EDM at COSY –COolerSYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons p = 0.3 – 3.7 GeV/c Phase space cooled internal & extracted beams COSY … an ideal starting point for a srEDM search Injector cyclotron Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  19. “spin closed orbit vector” makes one turn “spin tune” if ║ ring stable polarization A Spin closedorbit one particle with magnetic moment Adoptedfrom H.O. Meyer Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  20. Spin coherence Weusuallydon‘tworryaboutcoherenceofspinsalong Polarization not affected! Atinjection all spinvectorsaligned (coherent) After some time, spinvectorsget out ofphaseandfullypopulatethecone Situation very different, whenyou deal with Longitudinal polarizationvanishes! In an EDM machinewithfrozenspin, observation time is limited. Atinjection all spinvectorsaligned After some time, thespinvectorsare all out ofphaseand in the horizontal plane Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  21. Estimateofspincoherencetimes (N.N. Nikolaev) Onesourceofspincoherencearerandomvariationsofthespin tune due tothemomentumspread in the beam and israndomizedby e.g., electroncooling Estimate: Spin coherence time fordeuteronsmaybe ~100 larger thanforprotons Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  22. First measurementofspincoherence time 2011 Test measurementsat COSY Polarimetry: Spin coherence time: 5 s 25 s 5 s decoherence time oscillation capture from E. Stephenson Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  23. ResonanceMethodwith RF E-fields spin precession governedby: (* restframe) verticalpolarization RF E-field • Twosituations: • B*=0  By= ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kV/cm) EDM effect • E*=0  ER= -Byno EDM effect stored d Polarimeter (dpelastic) Thisway, theEdmsignalgetsaccumulatedduringthecycle. Statistical improvementoversingle turn effectisabout: . Brings us in the 10-24ecmrangefordd Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  24. Simulation ofresonanceMethodwith RF E-fieldsfordeuteronsat COSY Parameters: beam energyTd=50 MeV assumed EDM dd=10-20ecm E-field 10 kV/cm E-fieldreversedevery -/(G)  21 turns Constant E-field Numberofturns Numberofturns Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  25. Simulation ofresonanceMethodwith RF E-fieldsfordeuteronsat COSY Parameters: beam energyTd=50 MeV assumed EDM dd=10-20ecm E-field 10 kV/cm Linear extrapolationoffor a time periodofsc=1000 s (=3.7108turns) EDM effectaccumulates Polarimeter determines Px, PyandPz Numberofturns Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  26. ResonanceMethodwith RF E(B)-fields Approach pursuedfor a firstdirectmeasurementat COSY Radial RF-E andvertical RF-B fieldstoobservespinrotation due to EDM RF E(B)-field • Twosituations: • B*=0  By= ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kV/cm) „Direct“ EDM effect • E*=0  ER= -By „Magic RF Wien Filter“ no Lorentz force Transverse polarization stored d „Indirect“ EDM effect Polarimeter (dpelastic) Tiltofprecession plane due to EDM Observable: Accumulationofverticalpolarizationduringspincoherence time Statistical sensitivityfordd in therange 10-23to10-24ecmrangepossible Alignmentandfieldstabilityof ring magnets Imperfectionof RF-E(B) flipper Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  27. TechnicallydriventimelineforpEDMat BNL 15 18 12 13 14 16 17 19 20 21 • Two years R&D/preparation • One year final ring design • Two years ring/beam-line construction • Two years installation • One year “string test” Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  28. Stepwiseapproach in the JEDI project Time scale: Steps 1 and 2: < 5 years Steps 3 and 4: > 5 years Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  29. srEDM cooperations International srEDM Network Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons …) Cooperation, Coordination srEDMCollaboration (BNL) (spokespersonYannisSemertzidis) JEDI Collaboration (FZJ)(spokespersons: A. Lehrach, J. Pretz, F.R.) • Common R&D • RHICEDM-at-COSY • Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry • (…) Spin Coherence Time • Cooling • Spin Tracking (…) Study Group First directmeasurement Ring Design DOE-Proposal(submitted) CD0, 1, … HGF Application(s) pEDM Ring at BNL JEDI Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  30. EDM Workshop at ECT* (Trento) October 1-5, 2012 http://www.ectstar.eu/ • Organizingcommittee • Jülich • Hans Ströher h.stroeher@fz-juelich.de • Frank Rathmann f.rathmann@fz-juelich.de • Andreas Wirzbaa.wirzba@fz-juelich.de • Brookhaven • Mei Baimbai@bnl.gov • William Marciano marciano@bnl.gov • Yannis Semertzidis yannis@bnl.gov Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  31. Summary • Measurement of EDMs extremelydifficult, but thephysicsisfantastic! • Twostorage ring projects, at BNL and Jülich • Pursuespincoherence time measurementsatCOSY • First directmeasurementat COSY Resonance Method with RF E(B) -fields • New JEDI collaborationestablished Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  32. Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799) “Man mußetwasNeuesmachen, um etwasNeueszusehen.” “You have to make (create) something new, if you want to see something new” Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  33. Spare transparencies Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  34. COSY: Concept for Snake • Shouldallowfor flexible useattwolocations • Fast ramping (< 30s), withinjectionofPy • Cryogen-freesystem • Shouldbeavailable in 2012 ANKE ANKE PAX PAX Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  35. Onebackupslideforolrov Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  36. snakes there is an for every point of the orbit Snakes (non-vertical B field) affect flippers ramping through a resonance reverses spin manipulation 180o spin closed orbit Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  37. cooled beam ring acceptance target lost Machineacceptance In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD) → Single-Coulomb scattering at the target dominates beam loss K. Grigoriev et al., NIMA 599,130 (2009) Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  38. IBeam time Future: Time Reversal Invariance Test COSY-TRIC: P-even, T-odd COSY used as accelerator and detector: Total polarization correlation coefficient Ay,xzleads to relative difference of current slopes PAX Milestone: Operation of Precision BCT with I/I<10-4 Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  39. Need for a highprecision BCT Possiblesolution: CryogenicCurrentComparator, read out bylow-temperature super-conductingquantuminterferencedevice • Status TRI Test at COSY • Slow fluctuations in themeasured BCT signalexceedthe noise band at higher frequencies D. EversheimHyperfine Interact 193 (2009) A. Steppke, IEEE Trans. Appl. Superc. (2009) Highestresolutionachieved: 250 pA/Hz Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

  40. Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields • G > 0 for γ> 1, if only electric fields are applied • Magic momentum for protons: p = 700.74 MeV/c μp / μN=2.792 847 356 (23) Gp= 1.7928473565 μd / μN = 0.857 438 2308 (72)  Gd= -0.14298727202 μHe-3 / μN = -2.127 497 718 (25) G3He= -4.1839627399 Nuclear magneton: μN =eħ / (2mpc) = 5.050 783 24 (13) · 10-27 J T-1 Search for permanent Electric Dipole Moments of light ions in storage rings

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