Institute of Objective Studies, New Delhi

1. Institute of Objective Studies, New Delhi A Power-Point Presentation:Relative Development of West Bengal and Socio-Religious Differentials ByDr. Abusaleh Shariff 3.00 pm | March 22, 2011 India Islamic Cultural Centre, New Delhi

2. Relative Development of West Bengal and Socio-Religious Differentials Abusaleh Shariff Chief Economist National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) 11-I.P. Estate, New Delhi – 110 002. salehshariff@ymail.com| salehsahriff.blogspot.com Note: Views expressed in this presentation are personal

3. Relative Position of West Bengal in India

5. PC-NSDP, Poverty and Human Development Rank Comparisons [Rank 1 is the Best] * Reserve Bank of India (RBI) online database (http://www.rbi.org.in ). ** Government of India (2009).*** Variables used are, life expectancy at birth , sex ratio, mean years of schooling , 7+ literacy rate and per capita net state domestic product.****Shariff. A (2009).

6. The Hunger Index is a measure derived aggregating the three variables or factors: namely, 1. prevalence of calorie undernourishment using the FAO recommended 1820 kcal cutoff, which is much lower than the Planning Commissions cutoff; 2. average Body Mass Index -‘total thin’ men and women; and • 3. Average of children stunted, wasted and underweight. Refer to Abusaleh Shariff and Devendra Kumar, ‘Hunger and Malnutrition in India: Concepts and Indexing’, Mimio, IFPRI, 2010 Slide 31

7. Progress in MG-NREGA

8. MG-NREGA West Bengal started NREGS with 10 districts in February 2006 Full coverage from April 2008 WB is at the bottom in creation of NREGA employment Must improve NREGS Implementation in Mission Mode .

9. The Economic Activity in West Bengal

12. Position of Muslims in West Bengal

13. Distribution of Population according to SRCs Note: Based on NSSO 55TH Round (Schedule 10) and 61st Round (Schedule 10) data *a small percentage of SCs & STs included Source: Sachar Report

14. Occupation, Employment and access to Organized Sector

15. Worker Ratios

16. Occupational Differentials Select States Source : Sachar Report

17. Deprivation in Education

18. Educational Level Differentials in West Bengal

19. Percentage who Completed atleast Graduate School, 2001 (West Bengal-Graduate) Source: Sachar Report

20. Pre-Matric Scholarships for Minorities Central Government initiative for Minorities w.e.f. April 1, 2008 West Bengal a major state with poor utilization 2009-10 All India Scholarships - 2.2 million: West Bengal - Muslims 2.34 lakh of total allocation of 2.45 lakh We need to know if these scholarships were delivered Back

21. Poverty, Safety and Security

22. Muslims constitute 25% of State Population 85% of Muslims Live in Rural West Bengal Rural Poverty is very high and deep for Muslims relative to other states Muslim Poverty is much higher than the state average ! Urban Muslims poverty is even higher than for SCs/STs !! Muslim deprivation is considerably large in most of the economic, social, human development - education, employment, health and infrastructural facilities

23. Employees Data provided by State Governments State Government Employment *Data not provided for group ABCD employees, only total employees and total Muslim employees is provided

24. Lack of Social and Physical Infrastructure in West Bengal • . Overall villages with large Muslim population have poor physical and social infrastructure. • >1000 Muslim-concentration villages in West Bengal do not have any educational institutions. Muslim concentration villages, especially smaller ones, lack access to educational institutions. • > 3000 villages in West Bengal are without medical facilities. • Large Number of Muslim concentration villages in West Bengal lack post and telegraph facilities. • The situation with respect to availability of bus stop is of particular concern in Muslim concentration villages of West Bengal.

25. 90 Minority Concentrated Districts by states

26. Fund Utilization from the MCD Projects

28. Table: Priority Sector Advances of ASCBs for the SRCs (Annual Average for 5 years’ ending 31st March 2001 to 31st March 2005) Note: Figures in brackets after states represents the share of Muslims and Other Minorities in the Population of the State An analysis with a large number as well as proportion of Muslim population presents a depressing scenario in West Bengal just above 29% of accounts are held by Muslims, 4% more than their share in population; but the share of amount outstanding is an abysmal 9.2%

29. Village and Neighborhood Conflict One of the highest in India 63% in West Bengal as high as in Gujarat! But lower that 82% in UP! And Uttrakhand! Crime Victimization | Assault, theft, burglary With very high in West Bengal and Bihar. BUT !

30. Source: IHDS 2004-05.

31. Source: IHDS 2004-05.

32. West Bengal is way below in direct income measures, and also records higher poverty However, its Human Development rant is relatively better compared with poverty ranking. Yet its HD ranking is considerably low Progressive with respect to HDI are Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Karnataka

33. Reservation of Muslim OBC in West Bengal West Bengal Government announced 10% reservation for Muslim OBC in 2010! Thus total OBC reservation is 17% (10% =M | 7% = H) Anomaly: Hindu OBC 8.5 Muslim OBCs 2.5 as per NSSO Surveys How can therefore be a quota of 10% for Muslims and only 7% for Hindus! Since Muslims are OBCs at least 20% of all jobs must reserved for the Muslims. Not as a share of OBCs, rather for all Muslims as is done in Kerala. Creamy Layer and some High Castes can be excluded

34. Distribution of Population according to SRCs Note: Based on NSSO 55TH Round (Schedule 10) and 61st Round (Schedule 10) data *a small percentage of SCs & STs included

35. Empirical Evidence suggests that Relative to other states and Relative to other communities - Muslims in West Bengal are facing High levels of deprivation and possible discrimination

37. Thank you