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Why Do and Don’t People Change?

Why Do and Don’t People Change?. The Therapeutic Process of Change. Process of Change. Key elements? Affect? Cognition? Behaviors? Therapeutic change? Effectiveness & process? Power of suggestion? ‘mesmerization’ & placebo. Psychotherapy. Affective change central

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Why Do and Don’t People Change?

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  1. Why Do and Don’t People Change? The Therapeutic Process of Change

  2. Process of Change • Key elements? • Affect? • Cognition? • Behaviors? • Therapeutic change? • Effectiveness & process? • Power of suggestion? • ‘mesmerization’ & placebo

  3. Psychotherapy • Affective change central • Gestalt - ‘free your self’, Scream therapy • Psychoanalysis • Recall of early memories, anxiety, trauma • Cathartic abreaction (reduce anxiety) • Modern studies suggest this does not work • Transference & emotional insight • ‘…corrective emotional experience.’ (Alexander, 1956)

  4. Psychotherapy • Rogerian Therapy • Integrate feelings into self-concept • Being true to oneself and one’s feelings • Central is therapeutic climate • Unconditional positive regard • Empathy for client • Congruence between self and expression

  5. Behavior Change • Pathology = learned maladaptive behavior • Change behaviors not feelings • Reinforcers & punishers

  6. Activity 15: Cognitive Change • In groups of 3-4 address these issues: • According to this approach what is central to therapeutic change? • Describe RET. How does this work? • Do you think this would result in change for most people? • Of all three types of therapy which do you think would be most effective? Explain. • PLEASE TURN THESE IN AFTER CLASS!

  7. Day 2

  8. Does Psychotherapy work? • Complicated issue • What type of change? • Clinical problems, personality, basic functioning • How to measure it? • Patient reports, therapist reports, behavioral observations?

  9. Does Psychotherapy work? • Yes! • Most forms studied work about the same • Wampold, et al. (1997) • Seligman (1995) • Dodo bird effect • Why?

  10. Common Therapeutic Ingredients • Hope • Climate • Self-efficacy • Disclosure • Finding meaning • Self-concept & regulation • Social ties

  11. Specific Therapeutic Ingredients • Little supportive evidence

  12. Why Don’t People Change? • Poor therapy • Environments maintain pattern of BTFs • Irrational beliefs linger • Self-verification theory • Resistance

  13. Big Picture Qs • What is personality? • Motives, cognitions & life stories, traits • How does personality develop? • Biology, genes, evolution • Environment • Does personality change? • Yes and no - it all depends

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