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A prokaryotic cell has which of the following? centrioles lysosomes plasma membrane mitochondria

A prokaryotic cell has which of the following? centrioles lysosomes plasma membrane mitochondria. Answer: c . Which of these is a true statement? Both plasmids and viruses can serve as vectors. b. Plasmids can carry recombinant DNA but viruses cannot.

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A prokaryotic cell has which of the following? centrioles lysosomes plasma membrane mitochondria

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  1. A prokaryotic cell has which of the following? • centrioles • lysosomes • plasma membrane • mitochondria Answer: c

  2. Which of these is a true statement? • Both plasmids and viruses can serve as • vectors. • b. Plasmids can carry recombinant DNA but • viruses cannot. • c. Vectors carry only the foreign gene into the • host cell. • d. All of these statements are true. Answer: a

  3. Which of these is found in all viruses? • envelope, nucleic acid, capsid • DNA, RNA, proteins • proteins and a nucleic acid • proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and • lipids • e. reverse transcriptase Answer: c

  4. a. DNA ligase b. DNA polymerase c. RNA polymerase d. Restriction enzyme e. Reverse transcriptase 1. Enzyme found in retroviruses that produce DNA from an RNA template. 2. Enzyme used during replication to attach Okazaki fragments to each other. 3. Enzyme used during transcription to produce mRNA. Answer: e Answer: a Answer: c

  5. Chemosynthetic bacteria • are autotrophic • use the rays of the sun to acquire energy. • oxidize inorganic compounds to acquire • energy. • d. give off oxygen. • e. Both a and c are correct. • f. Both b and d are correct Answer: e

  6. Which of the following is NOT a form of • genetic recombination in bacteria? • binary fission • conjugation • transduction • transformation • All are forms of recombination. Answer: a

  7. A bacterium produces vitamins for a host • while gaining a habitat. This relationship is • commensalism. • mutualism. • parasitism. • predation. • competition. Answer: b

  8. Which of the following is NOT a correct • contrast between bacteria and eukaryotes? • BacteriaEukaryotes • binary fission mitotic cell division • nucleoid nucleus • asexual only asexual and sexual • nonmotile motile • no membrane bound membrane bound • organelles organelles Answer: d

  9. Which of these is (are) a true statement(s)? • Archaea are in a separate kingdom. • Archaea are in their own domain. • Archaea are found in most every habitat. • Archaea are found in extreme habitats like • swamps, salty lakes, hot, acidic aquatic • habitats. • e. Both b and d are correct. Answer: e

  10. The binding of an active repressor • molecule at this site prevents transcription. • operon • operator • promotor • repressor • corepressor Answer: b

  11. The working of the lacoperon is important for which of the following reasons? It represents a principal means by which genes are regulated in prokaryotes. B. It represents a principal means by which genes are regulated in eukaryotes. C. It illustrates the complexities of rRNA transcription. D. It provided the first clues to how DNA replication is controlled during the cell cycle. E. The understanding of it lead to the development of an economical means for the biological production of lactose. Answer: a

  12. Which of the following statements about plasmids is correct? They are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. They are found only in eukaryotic cells. They are composed of RNA. They are larger in size than bacterial chromosomes. They are self-replicating. Answer: e

  13. Which of the following is NOT a potential control mechanism for regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic organisms? The degradation of RNA The transport of mRNA from the nucleus The lactose operon Transcription Answer: c

  14. a. Transcription b. Translation c. Transposon d. DNA methylation e. Histoneacetylation A mobile segment of DNA that travels from one location on a chromosome to another, one element of genetic change. 2. The addition of groups to certain bases of DNA after DNA synthesis; this is thought to be an important control mechanism for gene expression. 3. The synthesis of polypeptides from the genetic information coded in mRNA. Answer: c Answer: d Answer: b

  15. The actions of which of the following enzymes are responsible for ensuring that chromosomes do not decrease in length with every round of replication? Telomerase DNA ligase Helicase Primase Answer: a

  16. a. tRNA b. mRNA c. Poly-A tail d. RNA polymerase e. r RNA An example of post-transcriptional modification Binds to the promoter on DNA to initiate transcription. Along with proteins, comprises ribosomes Binds to free amino acids in the cytoplasm Answer: c Answer: d Answer: e Answer: a

  17. The expression of eukaryotic genes can be Controlled at all of the following stages of Protein synthesis EXCEPT Initiation of transcription RNA processing Degradation of protein Acetylation of DNA Answer: d

  18. One of the characteristics of retrotransposons is that They code for an enzyme that synthesizes DNA using an RNA template. b. They are found only in animal cells c. They contribute a significant portion of the genetic variability seen in a population of gametes d. They generally move in a cut and paste mechanism Answer: a

  19. Which of the following shows the steps of an HIV viral infection in the proper order? Virus locates cell, enters nucleus, alters host cell DNA, destroys the cell membrane b. Virus locates cell, alters host DNA, host cell produces copies of virus, copies enter host cell nucleus, nucleus leaves cell c. Virus locates cell, penetrates cell membrane, enters nucleus, alters host cell DNA, host cell produces copies of virus d. Virus locates cell, enters cell, changes RNA to DNA, host cell produces copies of virus Answer: d

  20. Which of the following is a difficulty in getting prokaryotic cells to express eukaryotic genes? The signals that control gene expression are different and prokaryotic promoter regions must be added to the vector. b. The genetic code differs because prokaryotes substitute the base uracil for thymine. c. Prokaryotic cells cannot transcribe introns because their genes do not have them. d. The ribosomes of prokaryotes are not large enough to handle long eukaryotic genes. Answer: a

  21. Lactose digestion in E. coli begins with its hydrolysis by the enzyme b-galactosidase. The gene encoding b-galactosidase, lacZ, is part of a coordinately regulated operoncontainingothergenes required for lactose utilization. Which of the following figures correctly depicts theinteractions at the lacoperon when lactose is NOT being utilized? (The legend below defines the shapes of the molecules illustrated in the options.) • Picture Choice 1 • Picture Choice 2 • Picture Choice 3 • Picture Choice 4 B. C. D. A. Answer: D 11 of 13

  22. Arctic foxes typically have a white coat in the winter. In summer, when there is no snow on the ground, the foxes typically have a darker coat. Which of the following is most likely responsible for the seasonal change in coat color? • The decrease in the amount of daylight in winter causes a change in gene expression, which results in the foxes growing a lighter appearing coat. • The diet of the foxes in summer lacks a particular nutrient, which causes the foxes to lose their white coat and grow a darker colored coat. • Competition for mates in the spring causes each fox to increase its camouflage with the environment by producing a darker appearing coat. • The lower temperatures in winter denature the pigment molecules in the arctic fox coat, causing the coat to become lighter in color. Answer: a 11 of 13

  23. During development, individual cells of the same organism begin to produce different proteins because • the cells have different numbers of chromosomes. • not all cells can synthesize protein. • specific genes are activated in the cells. • the cells have different kinds and amounts of DNA Answer: c 11 of 13

  24. According to the Jacob-Monod model of the lacoperon, the regulator gene does which of the following? • Specifies the amino acid sequence of the enzyme. • Controls the activity of histones. • Determines whether promoter genes will be translated. • Directs the synthesis of a repressor protein. Answer: d 11 of 13

  25. A tobacco plant can be made to express a gene from fireflies, resulting in the emission of light. Which of the following is the basis for this phenomenon? • Chloroplasts can be made to produce light if firefly proteins are injected into plant cells. • Fireflies and tobacco plants share a recent common ancestor. • Transcription and translation are fundamentally similar in both fireflies and tobacco plants. • Most enzymes in fireflies have the same amino acid sequence as the enzymes in tobacco plants. Answer: c 21 of 21

  26. The FtsZ protein is present in prokaryotes and in chloroplasts. The protein is structurally and functionally similar to tubulin proteins of eukaryotic cells. Which of the following is a likely conclusion to draw from this information? • FtsZand tubulin proteins were both present in a common ancestor. • Microtubules are involved in the mechanics of photosynthesis. • Tubulingenes are evolutionarily derived from the gene that codes for the FtsZ protein. • The sequences of the genes encoding the FtsZ and tubulin proteins are identical. Answer: C 11 of 13

  27. The human genome appears to have only one-third more genes than the simple nematode C elegans. Which of the following best explains how the more complex humans can have relatively few genes? • The unusually long introns in human genes are involved in regulation of gene expression. • More than one polypeptide can be produced from a gene by alternative splicing. • Human genes code for many more types of domains. • The large number of SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the human genome provides for a great deal of genetic variability. Answer: B 11 of 13

  28. Multigene families are • groups of enhancers that control transcription. • usually clustered at the telomeres. • equivalent to the operons of prokaryotes. • sets of identical or similar genes that have evolved by duplication. Answer: D 11 of 13

  29. Transposons • Are found only in animal cells. • Generally move by a cut and paste mechanism. • Contribute a significant portion of the genetic variability seen within a population of gametes. • Amplification is dependent on a retrovirus. Answer: B 11 of 13

  30. Comparative genomics • assigns functions to the products of genes. • assigns functions to regulatory sequences. • compares genes in different organisms to see how those organisms are related physiologically. • Both a andc Answer: C 11 of 13

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