580 likes | 829 Views
ECE 678 Project Optical Switching Router. Group Member Yun Zhao Yeliang Zhang Instructor Dr. Martinez Tuesday, April 23, 2002. Outline. Overview of Optical Network Optical Components/Elements Optical Switching Router Architecture References.
E N D
ECE 678 ProjectOptical Switching Router • Group Member • Yun Zhao • Yeliang Zhang • Instructor • Dr. Martinez Tuesday, April 23, 2002
Outline • Overview of Optical Network • Optical Components/Elements • Optical Switching Router Architecture • References
Overview of Optical Network-- Transition from Electrical to Optical Network
Advantage of Optical Network • High bandwidth ( up to 10 Tb/s in a single fiber was demonstrated) • Low cost • Fiber cable is significantly smaller and lighter than electrical cables • Security • Reduce Electromagnetic Interference significantly
All-Optical Network • All-Optical Network = GMPLS protocol+ DWDM devices + Optical Switching Router
Label Switch Router Optical Node Control Optical Network Core Network Label Edge Router Edge Networks Edge Networks Edge Networks Edge Networks Optical Switching Router • OSR : Optical Switch Architecture + GMPLS Protocol
Optical Switching Router • Optical Switching Router : • Control Plane • table lookup, processing, wavelength assignment, queuing decisions, etc. • Data Path • Interface with other legacy network
Optical Components/Elements • Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) • Tunable Laser • Tunable Filter • Wavelength Converter • Optical Amplifier: SOA, EDFA • Optical Cross Connect (OXC) • Tunable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (TOADM)
Optical Components by Category: • Interconnection: OXC, OADM, wavelength converter • Fiber Amplifier: EDFA, SOA • Light Source: Laser, LED
Component Characteristics:-- Interconnection • Insertion loss: • the difference in power levels between the input and output of the device under test • Crosstalk: • indicates the amount of power that enters a channel from neighboring channels.Typically, it is around 25 dB • Repeatability and Switch time • Polarizatioin dependent loss (PDL): • the peak-to-peak output power variation when the input is exposed to all possible polarization states • Center Wavelength
Component Characteristics:-- Optical Amplifier • Noise • Gain • Gain Flatness: • measure of the difference in gain over the range of wavelengths • Bandwidth • Saturation Level • Dynamic Nonlinearity
Component Characteristics:-- Light Source • Peak Wavelength: • 780, 850, 1300, and 1550 nm are usually used • Spectral Width • Power • Speed
Fiber Band Band Descriptor Range (nm) O band Original 1260 to 1360 E band Extended 1360 to 1460 S band Short wavelength 1460 to 1530 C band Conventional 1530 to 1565 L band Long wavelength 1565 to 1625 U band Ultralong wavelength 1625 to 1675
MEMS(Micro Electro-Mechanical System) • A MEMS device is a mechanical integrated circuit where the actuation force required moving the parts may be electrostatic, electro-magnetic or thermal. • Allow high port count, data rate independent • Attributes: small size, high speed, low power, high degree of functionality. • Application: MEMS-based Optical Cross Connect (OXC)
MEMS (Continued) • 2D MEMS: • It’s digital, mirror position on(1), off (0) • Mature technology • 3D MEMS: • Provides very large port count, > 1000 input and output ports • Drawback: complex, in research
2D MEMS 2D MEMS for optical crossconnect switching
3D MEMS • 3D MEMS switching • Beam steering using a two-axis mirror • Fabricated MEMS mirror array
JDS Uniphase Polarization Independent Tunable Bandpass Filters -- TB4 Series
Wavelength Converter • Wavelength converter converts radiation at one wavelength to radiation at another wavelength • Traditional O/E/O wavelength converter • All-optical wavelength converter
The OptovationTM AOWC All Optical Wavelength Converter • The Optovation AOWC comprises of an optical module packaged in an industry standard 14 pin butterfly package and mounted on a 50mm x 37.5mm x 20 mm board which includes the required control circuitry. • The all optical module contains an Opto+ Interferometric Wavelength Converter copackaged with a high power DFB Laser.
The OptovationTM AOWC All Optical Wavelength Converter • Application • Wavelength conversion • Relieve wavelength blocking • Dynamic provisioning/lambda management • Bit rate/ protocol transparent regeneration • Optical Cross Connects • Optical Add Drop Muliplexeers
The KailightTMPhotonics All-Optical Wavelength Converter • It is a fast switching, tunable, all-optical component designed to operate within optical switches and cross-connects at bit rates ranging from 2.5 Gb/s to 40Gb/s. • Bit rates ranging from 2.5Gb/s to 40Gb/s • Bit rate and protocol full transparency • Switching time of less than 1msec between wavelengths • Large input dynamic range • No need for extra tunable filter • Conversion and re-amplification of weak signals • Conversion from and to all wavelengths within the C band • Negligible chirp • Mature components • Fully scalable • Plug and play capable
Optical Amplifier • A device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to convert it to an electrical signal, amplify it electrically, and reconvert it to an optical signal • Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) • Praseodymium Doped Fluoride Amplifier (PDFA) • Telluride Based ErbiumDoped Optical Amplifier • Semiconductors Optical Amplifier (SOA) • Raman Amplifiers • Planar Waveguide Optical Amplifiers
EDFA • Working around the 1550nm window • Transparent to modulation format • Extremely low polarization sensitivity • High gain (50dB) over 80nm wide bandwidth • Low noise • Bad gain flatness
EDFA EDFA Principle
Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA) • Working at both 1330nm and 1550nm windows • Small and compact • Integated with other devices • Flat gain • Cannot do multiple wavelength amplication
Axon Photonics 1550nm SOA for Single Channel Amplification (APSOA1015)
Nortel MGMFL-1AWC28 Multiwavelength Gain Module EDFA (Continued)
Optical Cross Connect (OXC)The Calier DiamondWave™ Photonic Switch • Seamless scalability from 8 to 4096 ports per system • Single wavelength switching capacity of 40 terabits in a 7-foot rack • Banded wavelength capacity of 164,000 wavelengths in a 7-foot rack • Service transparency, from Fibre Channel to OC-768 • Low-loss data path • Industry’s widest operating window (1200 – 1620 nm), supporting single and multi-wavelength applications • Selective OEO support for bridging legacy applications such as SONET, IP, Fibre Channel and Gigabit Ethernet applications on a test or termination basis • Full support for mesh and hybrid network topologies • Reliability and restoration that meet or beat SONET network element performance • Embedded routing and signaling support for the future Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) standard for connection management and IP services integration • The Calier DiamondWave™ Photonic Switch • Features:
Tellium Aurora Optical SwitchTM • O-E-O Switch • 512x512 OC-48 ports
MEMS-base OXC • In research • Commercial products not available
Lambda Crossing LambdaFlow – Tunable OADM • LambdaFlow is a 40 channel tunable OADM with 4 Add/Drop ports. The OADM is tunable over the C band and is capable of adding and dropping data at a rate of 10 Gbps.
Lambda Crossing LambdaFlow – Tunable OADM (Continued) • Benefits: • Reduction of operating expense by providing remote bandwidth allocation and point and click provisioning. • Tunable drop is critical for providing cost effective network flexibility • Tunable OADM simplifies inventory management across the food chain • Technology allows for highly reliable, precise and repeatable tuning of the filter function. • The tunable OADM can be extended to provide active monitoring functionality • Price and loss reduction are achieved by increasing the functionality and density of the optical components and active port count. • The tunable OADM solutions are particularly well suited for applications involving tight channel spacing DWDM systems and large channel numbers
LSR Functions and Requirements • Label Switching Router needs to perform (at least): • Label Swapping • Channel add/drop to Label Edge Router • Data Routing to appropriate ports • LSR requires • Table lookup processing (electronics/optical), • Cross-connect • Add/Drop Multiplexers • Number updater • Wavelength converter • Wavelength Mux/Demux • Optical Amplifier
Optical Switching Router (LSR) Architecture OSR Internal to the Optical Network Core Control Plane Fiber Plant IP Router (IP, MPLS OSPF, RSVP, LMP) Optical Core Fiber Plant N Express Optical Switching Router (4 Ports) N Mainstream Add/Drop Fiber Ports To Other OSRs O-Edge Card
.... Label Switch Router Design 1 Optical Amplifiers Optical Cross-Connects N Label Swappers N N (drop) Demultiplexers Out Ports In Ports N N N (add)
Label Switch Router Design 1 • Pros • Fully connected and connected • Suitable for backbone • For mesh connection • Multiple input ports and multiple output ports • Cons • Expensive • Require a lot of components