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THE ROLE OF WATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT. Takashi Asano Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California, Davis. The Role of Water Reuse - 1. Concept of sustainable water resources Water resources development-California as an example
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THE ROLE OF WATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Takashi Asano Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California, Davis
The Role of Water Reuse - 1 • Concept of sustainable water resources • Water resources development-California as an example • Drought and dependable water supply • Water recycling and reuse as an innovative water resource
The Role of Water Reuse - 2 • Seven categories of water reuse - examples • Treatment technologies and process reliability • How safe is water reuse? • Future perspectives - all living species in harmony
1995, by Ray Sterner, Johns Hopkins University
Benefit of Water Reuse • Important element of integrated water resources management • Treated effluent is used as a water resource for beneficial purposes • The wastewater is kept out of streams, lakes, and beaches; thus reducing pollution of surface water and groundwater
Historic Development • 1890 Mexico City - Drainage canals built to irrigate crops • 1912 Golden Gate Park - watering lawns/ponds • 1926 Grand Canyon National Park - toilet flushing • 1942 Bethlehem Steel Co. Baltimore - metals cooling • 1961 Irvine Ranch Water District - urban irrigation • 1969 Windhoek, Namibia - augmentation of potable water • 1969 Wagga Wagga, Australia - landscape irrigation • 1977 Dan Region Project, Israel - recharge/ag. water • 1984 Tokyo Metro Government Japan - toilet flushing • 1989 Costa Brava, Spain - golf course irrigation
Categories of Reuse 1. Agricultural Irrigation 2. Landscape Irrigation 3. Industrial Reuse 4. Groundwater Recharge 5. Recreational and Environmental 6. Nonpotable Urban Reuses 7. Potable Reuse
Orange County Water Factory 21 Granular Activated Carbon Chlorine Disinfection Deep Well Injection Lime Clarification Recarbon-ation Filtration Reverse Osmosis Aquifer Recharge Since 1976 (21 years of operation) 21 million M3/ yr (15 mgd) No more than 5% of the reclaimed water actually comprises the domestic supply No observed water quality degradation that constitutes a public health concern