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Miriam Rios Sánchez July 1/2009

A Remote Sensing Approach to Characterize the Hydrogeology of Mountainous Areas: Application to the Quito Aquifer System (QAS), Ecuador Dissertation Research Proposal. Miriam Rios Sánchez July 1/2009. PIRE 0530109. Outline. Motivation Goals Objectives Setting Research Plan Methodology

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Miriam Rios Sánchez July 1/2009

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  1. A Remote Sensing Approach to Characterize the Hydrogeology of Mountainous Areas: Application to the Quito Aquifer System (QAS), EcuadorDissertation Research Proposal Miriam Rios Sánchez July 1/2009 PIRE 0530109

  2. Outline • Motivation • Goals • Objectives • Setting • Research Plan • Methodology • Expected outcomes

  3. Climate change, intensive use of water resources, management problems and population growth are threatening the global availability of water To find new sources of water and to improve the knowledge of the existing ones, reliable and timely water information is of paramount importance Michigan Tech has developed strong programs in remote sensing applied to Natural Hazards and Resource Protection. One of the targeted areas is Latin American, where countries face many natural hazards and threats to resources Motivation

  4. Topography Water Level Ground water: An alternative http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/waterdistribution.html Springs Rivers Recharge / Infiltration zones Discharge /Exfiltration zones Spatial distribution, Protection, Quality AVAILABILITY R D Flow Systems Local Intermediate Regional

  5. The initial and most prevalent applications of remote sensing in hydrogeology is lineament analysis in hard rock terrains  The objective is to pinpoint locations for follow-up detailed geophysical  investigations and well drilling  Meijerink, 2007

  6. Satellite Remote Sensing Potential for Regional Studies: Broad range of wavelengths Different spatial scales Different temporal resolutions Meijerink (2006)

  7. PIRE PROJECT IN BOACO-NICARAGUA Volcanic Terrain Non ideal conditions

  8. Bruning,(2008)

  9. Bruning,(2008)

  10. Some Limitations of Remote Sensing •  Geometric aspects of fractures & discontinuities: • Dip • Depth • Aperture, Zone Width • Water-Bearing Potential • Contribution to the local/regional ground water flow (connectivity)

  11. To Address Limitations (i.e., to “see” deeper) Surface Geophysics Hydrochemistry

  12. Refine and test a remote sensing-based protocol for: characterizing fracture networks in regional aquifer systems, delineating discontinuities and boundaries of local and regional aquifer systems, and evaluating their control on hydrological behavior. Test and enhance these protocols using geophysical data, geochemistry, structural geology and hydrogeological data. Research Goals

  13. Develop and test remote sensing techniques to map surface expressions of geological lineaments and discontinuities. Identify faults and discontinuities by correlating lineament maps to existing geology and geophysical data. Evaluate infiltration/exfiltration potential of fractures and discontinuities using thermal imagery. OBJECTIVES

  14. Evaluate the interconnections between different components of the hydrogeological basin by integrating datasets. Foster a collaborative international approach to conducting systematic research in a in order to improve understanding of complete aquifer systems and establish a foundation for continued research and monitoring. OBJECTIVES (cont)

  15. Outline • Motivation • Goals • Objectives • Setting • Research Plan • Methodology • Expected outcomes

  16. Aquifer Location & Setting South America Ecuador

  17. Quito Aquifer System NW S. Antonio NE Guayllabamba S. Miguel del Común SW Quito S. Pedro/ Tumbaco Regime 1000 m Compression Holocene Pleistocene Middle/Late Extension Early ? 500 m Late Pliocene` WEATHERED TUFFS PYROCLASTIC FLOWS 0 m LAHARS LAHARS / TUFFS FLUVIAL SANDS & CONGLOM LAVAS FLUVIAL/LACUSTRINE DEP SILSTONE/CLAYSTONE Villagómez, 2002 GABROS ALUVIAL DEPOSITS SAN MIGUEL FM

  18. Mapped Faults in QAS Source:Radarsat Image 02/21/2003 Fault Maps: Villagómez, 2003

  19. Tectonic control in the QAS Deformation in the Guayllabamba depression Villagomez, 2003

  20. Structure of collaboration to study the QAS Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE) INAHMI MTU EMAAP-Q EscuelaPolitécnica Nacional (EPN) IRD France University of Montpellier (Fr)

  21. Outline • Motivation • Goals • Objectives • Setting • Research Plan • Methodology • Intellectual merits and anticipated impacts

  22. RESEARCH PLAN A A' A' /Faults / discontinuities Infiltration Exfiltration Fractures Identified Using Satellite Remote Sensing Fractures Geometry (VLF-EM & GeoelectricMethods) Fracture characterization Geophysics Hydrochemistry, Isotope analysis, Existing data ` Integration into Regional Hydrogeological Model

  23. RS – Lineament Mapping Lineaments derived from 30-m DEM * Methodology by Bruning, 2008

  24. Thermal Bands Analysis Radiance Aster Night Image TIR – B10 (stretched) 2007/09/07

  25. RS-Thermal analysis INDEXES NDVI = (NIR- Red)/(NIR + Red) NDWI = (RNIR – RSWIR) / (RNIR + RSWIR)

  26. Geoelectrical Methods Limestone (aquifer) Claystone

  27. Very Low Frequency-Electromagnetics (VLF-EM) 20 40 60 80 100 120 160 0 30 60 90 Ratio* (%) -90 - 60 -30 In-phase Quadrature Distance along a profile (m) * Between the vertical and the horizontal component Adapting from the WADI instruction manual, ABEM Instruments, Inc.

  28. Hydrochemistry (Ca,Mg) SO4 (Ca,Mg) Cl2 Intrusion 80 60 40 20 20 40 60 80 Mixing Fresh Sea Mg SO4 Freshening 80 60 40 20 20 40 60 80 80 60 40 20 Fresh Fresh Sea Ca Na,K 80 60 40 20 HCO3 Cl 20 40 60 80 Piper Diagram and Hydrochemical Processes (Appelo, 1993)

  29. Environmental Isotopes

  30. Outline • Motivation • Goals • Objectives • Setting • Research Plan • Methodology • Intellectual merits and anticipated impacts

  31. MethodologyThree phases approach Phase I Regional Hydrogeological Assessment Phase II Remote Sensed and Geophysics Based Hydrogeological Evaluation and Validation Phase III Remote Sensed and Geophysics Based Hydrogeological Evaluation

  32. Phase I Evaluation of existing hydrogeology data Topography and RS analysis Geology Analysis Regional Conceptual Model A

  33. Phase II Lineament / Discontinuities Mapping Hydrogeological Characterization of fracture, discontinuities and boundaries RS Assessment Geophysics Assessment Hydrochemistry/Isotope Assessment Hydraulic Assessment Local Conceptual Model Existing models A Validation Final Conceptual Model No Yes

  34. Phase III Lineament Mapping Hydrogeological Evaluation of fracture, discontinuities and boundaries RS Assessment Geophysics Assessment Local conceptual model Potential areas for detailed studies Methodology For Remote Sensing Based Hydrogeological Evaluation

  35. Scheme of collaboration for this project UCE & EPN Ves reinterpretation Hydraulic Analysis Hydrochemistry MTU Remote Sensing (MR) Regional Analysis (MR) Surface Geophysics MR/ATT EMAAP-Q Provide data Logistics IRD /INAHMI Use similar methodologies in other regions of Ecuador Montpellier Univ. Isotope Lab Analysis Sharing data

  36. Outline • Motivation • Goals • Objectives • Setting • Research Plan • Methodology • Expected outcomes

  37. Desired Outcomes for RS Techniques • Appropriateness for hydrogeological characterization in fractured aquifers • Effectiveness & limitations for detecting faults, fractures, and discontinuities • Influence of fracturing on hydrologic behavior

  38. Desired Outcomes for RS Techniques • Demonstrate the importance of including remote sensing techniques in regional hydrogeological analysis for water resources evaluation and management • Effectiveness of international collaboration for complex hydrogeological studies

  39. Questions?

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