Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 99 Topic: 8.5 Translation Essential Question :

1. 8.5 Translation 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 99 • Topic: 8.5 Translation • Essential Question: • Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid. • Suppose a tRNA molecule had the anticodon AGU. What amino acid would it carry? • Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents! • Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid. • Suppose a tRNA molecule had the anticodon AGU. What amino acid would it carry?

2. KEY CONCEPT Translation converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide, or protein. *Use the definition of Translation to describe the key concept.

3. Translation is a process that converts a message from one language into another. Hey, I know a joke! A squirrel walks up to a tree and says, "I forgot to store acorns for the winter and now I am dead." Ha! It is funny because the squirrel gets dead.

4. Translate these sentences: (pg. 98) T HEC ATA TET HER AT SI SAT ETH EPI E H ISD OGW ASH OT HE RFA TCA TSA T

5. Translate these sentences: T HEC ATA TET HER AT THE CAT ATE THE RAT SI SAT ETH EPI E SIS ATE THE PIE H ISD OGW ASH OT HIS DOG WAS HOT HE RFA TCA TSA T HER FAT CAT SAT

6. Translation converts mRNA messages into polypeptides which make proteins. • mRNA can be translated into 20 different amino acids

7. How can just four nucleotides (A, U, C, and G) be translated into so many different amino acids? • The same way 26 letters of the alphabet can be translated into so many words. • ape • pea The four letters of RNA are put together in different combinations to form many different “words” • A U C G

8. codon for methionine (Met) codon for leucine (Leu) • A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.

9. . • The genetic code matches each codon to its amino acid or function. • 1st two nucleotides are the most important

10. Tell me what these genetic codes code for (98) • GCC • AAA • AGC • UAG • AUA • AAU • GCA • CCG • UCA • AGG

11. GCC- alanine (Ala) • AAA- Lysine (Lys) • AGC- Serine (Ser) • UAG- stop codon • AUA- Isoleucine (Ile) • AAU- Asparagine (Asp) • GCA- Alanine (Ala) • CCG- Proline (Pro) • UCA- Serine (Ser) • AGG- Arginine (Arg)

12. SPONGE 6 • Please tell me which amino acids these codons code for: 1. CCG 2. AGU 3. UAG 4. AUG 5. AGA • Please draw and label a picture of a segment of mRNA

13. codon codon Please tell me which amino acids these codons code for: 1. CCG- proline 2. AGU- serine 3. UAG- STOP 4. AUG- methionine 5. AGA- arginine Please draw and label a picture of a segment of mRNA

14. start codon = AUG • Tells where to start reading • Three stop codons • UAG • UAA • UGA • Codes for the end

15. A change in the order in which codons are read changes the resulting protein.

16. RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWASMAD RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWASMAD RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWASMAD

17. Regardless of the organism, codons code for the same amino acid.

18. 8.5 Translation 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 101 • Topic: 8.5 Translation • Essential Question: • Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid. • Suppose a tRNA molecule had the anticodon AGU. What amino acid would it carry? • Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents! • Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid. • Suppose a tRNA molecule had the anticodon AGU. What amino acid would it carry?

19. An anticodon is a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon. • AUG • UAC • carried by a tRNA (transfer RNA).

20. Ribosomes consist of two subunits. • The large subunit has three binding sites for tRNA. • The small subunit binds to mRNA.

22. tRNA binds to a start codon(AUG) and signals the ribosome to assemble. Amino acid AUG Start codon

23. 2. A complementary tRNA anticodon binds to the exposed codon

24. 3. The ribosome helps form a polypeptide bond between the amino acids. • The ribosome pulls the mRNA strand the length of one codon.

25. 4. The now empty tRNA molecule exits the ribosome. • A complementary tRNA molecule binds to the next exposed codon.

26. 5. This continues until a stop codon is reached (UAG, UAA, or UGA) • -The ribosome releases the protein and disassembles.

27. Protein Synthesis Replication DNA A A G A C G T A G DNA T T C T G C A T C Transcription mRNA A A G A C G U A G Translation tRNA U U C U G C A U C codon Amino Acids Lys Thr Stop anticodon

28. Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid. Compare the process of translation to translating Spanish into English. Compare Start and Stop codons to the beginning and end of a sentence. What is an anticodon? For # 1-10- use the amino acid chart on pg. 244 to find which amino acids would be encoded by the mRNA codes below: GCC AAA AGC UAG AUA AAU GCA CCG UCA AGG

29. Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid. A codon is a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid. Compare the process of translation to translating Spanish into English. Just as we could translate English into Spanish, cells can translate an RNA message into amino acids, to build proteins. Compare Start and Stop codons to the beginning and end of a sentence. A start codon (like the first word in a sentence) codes for the start of translation and the start of an amino acid chain, the stop codon codes for the end of the amino acid chain (like the period at the end of a sentence). What is an anticodon? A set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon. GCC- alanine AAA- Lysine AGC- Serine UAG- stop codon AUA- Isoleucine AAU- Asparagine GCA- Alanine CCG- Proline UCA- Serine AGG- Arginine