Chapter 11 Preventing Diseases

1. Chapter 11 PreventingDiseases Lesson 1 What Causes Disease? Click for: >> Main Menu >> Chapter 11 Assessment Next >> Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.

2. Essential Question: Why is it important to remain germ free? Enduring Understanding:Students will understand that pathogens are spread through direct contact, indirect contact, through impure food or unclean water, and contact with animals or insects.

3. Single-celled organisms that have a nucleus protozoa • Noncommunicable diseases Diseases that do not spread Primitive single- or many-celled organisms that cannot make their own food • fungi

4. In this lesson, you will learn to • identifythe two main types of disease. • recognizefour common disease-causing organisms. • describehow germs spread.

5. Germs Analyzing a Graphic Create a concept map that shows how germs can be spread. Use this diagram as a guide.

6. What Is a Disease? The science of fighting disease has come along way in the past hundred years. disease A condition that affects the proper functioning of the body or mind

7. Types of Diseases The two basic categories of diseases are: • Communicable diseases • Noncommunicable disease communicable diseases Diseases that can be spread noncommunicable diseases Diseases that do not spread

8. Four Classes of Pathogens Viruses Bacteria Protozoa Fungi Germs that Cause Disease Pathogen is the scientific name for germ. pathogen A microscopic organism that causes communicable diseases

9. Germs that Cause Disease Some viruses are harmless and some cause diseases. viruses Tiny, nonliving particles that invade and take over healthy cells The common cold, the flu, the measles, and AIDS are examples of diseases caused by viruses.

10. Germs that Cause Disease Bacteria is everywhere. bacteria Extremely small single-celled organisms with no cell nucleus Strep throat, Lyme disease, and tooth decay are examples of disease caused by bacteria.

11. Germs that Cause Disease Protozoa can be harmless, but some strains can cause serious disease. protozoa Single-celled organisms that have a nucleus Malaria is an example of a disease caused by protozoa.

12. Germs that Cause Disease Fungi survive by breaking down other living organisms and absorbing their nutrients. fungi Primitive single- or many-celled organisms that cannot make their own food Some strains of fungi, such as molds and yeasts cause disease.

13. How Germs Are Spread DirectContact (shaking hands) Eating or DrinkingContaminatedFood or Water Germ IndirectContact(sneezing) Contact withAnimals orInsects

14. Lesson 1 Review What I Learned VocabularyDefine pathogen. Use the word in a sentence.

15. Lesson 1 Review What I Learned RecallName a disease caused by a fungus.

16. Lesson 1 Review What I Learned IdentifyName four common disease-causing organisms.

17. Lesson 1 Review Thinking Critically ExplainWhat is the difference between a communicabledisease and a noncommunicable disease?

18. Lesson 1 Review Thinking Critically ApplyShould you take a bite of a friend’s sandwich ifyou had seen him or her coughing and sneezing earlierin class?

19. Chapter 11 PreventingDiseases Lesson 2 Communicable Diseases Click for: >> Main Menu >> Chapter 11 Assessment Next >> Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.

20. Activity: MOVE YOUR BODY. Why is it important to remain germ-free? Provide examples (3) to support your answer. Provide (2) examples for communicable and (2) examples for noncommunicable disease. How germs can be spread?

21. Essential Question: How can I protect myself from disease? Enduring Understanding: Communicable diseases can be prevented with good hygiene practices and vaccines.

22. contagious • immune system • Strep throat Spreading a virus to others by direct orindirect contact A group of cells, tissues, and organs that fight disease It is a bacterial throat infection that can make your throat feel sore and scratchy. Inflammation of the liver, caused by a virus or a toxin and characterized by jaundice, liver enlargement, and fever. Hepatitis

23. In this lesson, you will learn to • recognizeways pathogens are spread. • identifycommon communicable diseases. • demonstratehealthful behaviors that limit the spread of pathogens.

24. Common Communicable Diseases When symptoms of a cold first appear, you are contagious. contagious Spreading a virus to others by direct or indirect contact The cold is the most common communicable disease.

25. Common Communicable Diseases Symptoms of influenza, or “the flu,” include high fever and joint and muscle aches.

26. Common Communicable Diseases

27. Keep it to Yourself When you have a cold, take action to prevent spreading your cold to others. Be careful to cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze. Avoid sharing cups, utensils, or other personal items.

28. Your Body’s Defenses In a typical day, your body is exposed to millions of germs. You aren’t sick all the time because your body is protected by its own defense system.

29. Keeping Pathogens Out The Body’s Five Major Barriers to Block Pathogens Tears Saliva Skin MucousMembranes Stomach Acid

30. Skin • Your skin is like a wall around your inner organs. • Body Fluids • Tears and saliva act as a barrier. • Mucous Membranes • Tissues that line the inside of your mouth, throat, nose and eyes act as barriers. • These are sticky fluids that trap and destroy germs. • Pyrogen • A chemical that causes a raise in blood temperature so that germs have a hard time surviving. • Fights infection. Your Body’s First Line of Defense Skin BodyFluids MucousMembranes Pyrogen infection The result of pathogens or germs invading the body, multiplying, and harming some of your body’s cells

31. Your Immune System Your immune system is your second line of defense. immune system A group of cells, tissues, and organs that fight disease

32. Your Immune System Some lymphocytes attack pathogens directly while others produce antibodies. lymphocyte A white blood cell that attacks pathogens or harmful germs antibodies Chemicals produced specifically to fight a particular invading substance

33. Your Immune System Antibodies recognize germs that reenter the body and will attack and destroy them. This is called immunity. immunity Resistance to infection

34. Steer clear ofpeople who youknow are sick. Get in the habitof washing yourhands regularly. Get enough rest,eat healthy foods, and exercise. Preventing Communicable Diseases

35. Preventing Communicable Diseases A vaccine triggers the immune system to make antibodies to fight the pathogen. vaccine A dead or weakened pathogen introduced into your body

36. Preventing Communicable Diseases

37. Lesson 2 Review What I Learned DescribeWhat is the most common communicabledisease? Name some other common communicable diseases.

38. Lesson 2 Review What I Learned VocabularyDefine antibodies, and use it ina sentence.

39. Lesson 2 Review What I Learned ListName a disease that can be prevented witha vaccine.

40. Lesson 2 Review Thinking Critically ApplyWhy should you avoid sharing an ice cream cone with a friend who has a cold?

41. Lesson 2 Review Thinking Critically AnalyzeHow does handwashing help protect the health of your school and community?

42. Chapter 11 PreventingDiseases Lesson 4 Noncommunicable andHereditary Diseases Click for: >> Main Menu >> Chapter 11 Assessment Next >> Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.

43. Essential Question: How can I protect myself from disease? Enduring Understanding: students will understand that to avoid diseases like cancer and diabetes, you should avoid tobacco, protect yourself from the sun’s UV rays and maintain an active, healthful lifestyle.

44. DO NOW What different ways can pathogens be spread? What is the most common communicable disease? Identify at least three different barriers (line of defense) that your body uses to block pathogens.

45. chronic • cancer • allergy Long-lasting A disease caused by abnormal cells that grow out of control The body’s sensitivity to certain substances Heart disease is a range of diseases that affect your heart. Heart disease

46. In this lesson, you will learn to • identifycauses of various noncommunicable diseases. • developbehaviors to keep your heart healthy. • identifyways to help prevent diseases like cancer and diabetes.

47. Poor HealthHabits A Person’sEnvironment Effects of aCommunicableDisease Heredity Present atBirth What Causes Noncommunicable Diseases?

48. Heart Disease Heart disease is the number one cause of death in the United States and is an example of a chronic disease. chronic Long-lasting Common causes of heart disease include the narrowing or blocking of blood vessels and high blood pressure.

49. Stay PhysicallyActive Maintain aHealthy Weight Eat Foods Highin Fiber andLow in Salt, Fat,and Cholesterol Don’t UseTobaccoProducts Learn toManage Stress Healthy Habits for your Heart

50. Treating Heart Disease There are medications that widen blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and control the heartbeat. For more serious problems, heart disease is treated with surgery.