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Ch. 4 Exam Emphasis

Ch. 4 Exam Emphasis. Elements of Exclusion (3) Why Do We Stereotype People (1) Prejudiced Prone Personality (1) How & Why We Become Prejudiced (3) How Do People Express Prejudice (2). Elements of Exclusion. Stereotypes = a way of thinking Labels are used to identify groups of information

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Ch. 4 Exam Emphasis

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  1. Ch. 4 Exam Emphasis • Elements of Exclusion (3) • Why Do We Stereotype People (1) • Prejudiced Prone Personality (1) • How & Why We Become Prejudiced (3) • How Do People Express Prejudice (2)

  2. Elements of Exclusion • Stereotypes = a way of thinking • Labels are used to identify groups of information • Problems occur when labels become rigid, irrational beliefs about a group of people • Prejudice = a way of feeling • Judging a group of people as better or worse than others • Most serious career to advancement for women & African-Americans

  3. Elements of Exclusion • Discrimination = a way of acting • Refers to behavior that is prejudiced, and the acts that have an effect on people who are the targets of prejudice • Power imbalance is a key aspect of discrimination • Discrimination is built into our institutions & systems

  4. Why Do We Stereotype People? • Making complex reality manageable • Short-cutting with categories • Quickly identifying things • Incorporating multi-sensory experiences • Being rational or not • Justifying dislike

  5. Key Aspects of Discrimination • Power Imbalance Key to Discrimination • Must have the power to discriminate • Privilege Imbalance • A powerful group enjoys distinct privileges that others don’t have • Some Types of Prejudice • Sexism, racism, ageism, etc.

  6. Prejudiced Prone Personality • Highly prejudiced personality • More likely to think in either/or terms • They have an authoritarian personality • Low tolerance for ambiguity (rigidity) • View interactions with diverse others as threatening • Less prejudiced personality • Sees things in shades of gray • Can tolerate ambiguity • Empathize with & are sensitive to those who are different

  7. How & Why Do We Become Prejudiced? • Typical reasons for becoming prejudiced • Need to feel superior • Fear of competition • General frustration • Need for approval • Tendency to conform • We learn prejudice from our culture • Society, family, media, schools, work, & government

  8. How & Why Do We Become Prejudiced? • We develop an ethnic identity • We form in-groups • These groups may vary • Reference group • An in-group you’re happy to belong to • A group you’d like to belong to • We become ethnocentric • Belief that your ethnic group is superior

  9. How Do People Express Prejudice? • They deny prejudice exists& rationalize or justify their prejudice • They act out - talking against or physically attacking out-groups • They subtly discriminate - Avoidance prejudice of liberals & symbolic prejudice of conservatives • They scapegoat - Projecting your shortcomings & failures onto the out-group, blaming them for your failure

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