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Unit 1.2. Opportunities and Pathways

Unit 1.2. Opportunities and Pathways. 19 TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUBLIC & STATE SCHOOLS UNDERSTAND THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN THE CODIFICATION OF SPORT

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Unit 1.2. Opportunities and Pathways

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  1. Unit 1.2. Opportunities and Pathways 19TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

  2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUBLIC & STATE SCHOOLS • UNDERSTAND THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN THE CODIFICATION OF SPORT • BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN HOW DR THOMAS ARNOLD INFLUENCED THE CODIFICATION OF SPORT IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS

  3. TASK 1 LIST 4 EFFECTS THAT THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HAD ON SPORT

  4. ANSWERS TRANSPORT LINKS – CREATION OF LEAGUES / COMPETITIONS URBANISATION – CREATION OF TEAMS LACK OF SPACE – NEED FOR BOUNDARIES / LIMITED NUMBERS EDUCATED “MIDDLE CLASS” – RULES WRITTEN AND AGREED NEW SKILLS LEARNED – USED IN SPORT, EG. ROWING SPECTATORISM – DUE TO LESS PARTICIPATING

  5. The Development of Competitive Sport Festivals of Sport PUBLIC SCHOOLS • EXCLUSIVE & ELITIST • UPPER CLASS – RICH BOYS ONLY • BOARDING – STUDENTS LIVED ON SITE • CONDITIONS WERE TOUGH – NEED TO LET OFF STEAM • LOTS OF TIME SPARE – NEEDED TO BE OCCUPIED IN PURPOSEFUL WAYS – GAMES • FEES WENT TOWARDS DEVELOPING FACILITIES SUCH AS GYMNASIUMS & SWIMMING BATHS • EGS. RUGBY, ETON, HARROW, WINCHESTER, ST PAULS

  6. The Development of Competitive Sport Festivals of Sport PUBLIC SCHOOLS • MANY GAMES WERE BROUGHT IN FROM HOME & ADAPTED TO SUIT THE FACILITIES AVAILABLE • THESE WERE BRUTAL & VIOLENT • MASTERS WERE STRICT & BRUTAL IN THE CLASSROOM BUT DID NOT CARE FOR GAMES • BULLYING WAS A MAJOR FORCE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS • “INSTITUTIONALISED POPULAR RECREATIONS”

  7. The Development of Competitive Sport The rationalisation of sport NEED FOR CHANGE • PUBLIC SCHOOLS UNDERWENT REFORM • DR THOMAS ARNOLD – RUGBY SCHOOL • WANTED TO PRODUCE GOOD CHRISTIAN GENTLEMEN WITH MORAL VALUES • Muscular Christianity – The combination of godliness and manliness: The belief in having a strong and fit body to match a robust and healthy soul.

  8. The Development of Competitive Sport The rationalisation of sport RUGBY SCHOOL REFORMS • DR ARNOLD USED GAMES AS A FORM OF SOCIAL CONTROL • MORE TRUSTING RELATIONSHIP WITH 6TH FORM – RAISING THEIR POWERS OF DISCIPLINE • INTRODUCTION OF HOUSE SYSTEM, INTER HOUSE FIXTURES • MASTERS BECAME MENTORS / GUIDES – LESS STRICT • TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS – BETTER ORGANISED, MORE REGULARITY

  9. The Development of Competitive Sport The rationalisation of sport REFORM CONTINUED • Athleticism – Combination of moral integrity and physical effort OR playing hard but with sportsmanship • MUSCULAR CHRISTIANITY DEVELOPED FURTHER – LOSE WITH DIGNITY OR WIN WITH GRACE • FAIR PLAY & SPORTSMANSHIP BECAME CENTRAL TO PUBLIC SCHOOL SPORT • RULES WERE READILY ADHERED TO • FACILITIES DEVELOPED FURTHER – “MAGNIFICENT” • DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL “COLOURS”

  10. Team games in public schools Teamwork/loyalty to a team Teamwork/loyalty to a team Organisational experience through committees Organisational experience through committees Captains in sport then captain in industry Captains in sport then captain in industry Roles of team games in preparing public schoolboys for leadership Roles of team games in preparing public schoolboys for leadership Roles of team games in preparing public schoolboys for leadership Roles of team games in preparing public schoolboys for leadership Making decisions Making decisions Testing/developing courage/bravery Testing/developing courage/bravery Testing/developing temperament Testing/developing temperament Leading by example Leading by example Team sports in particular were believed to reflect athleticism, since they required participants to show a range of physical qualities, such as endeavour (playing hard), effort and striving to do one's best, as part of a collective effort.

  11. TASK 2 • EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN THE CODIFICATION OF SPORT. (6 MARKS) • EXPLAIN THE TERM ATHLETICISM IN 19TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS (3 MARKS)

  12. THE CLARENDON REPORT • OFSTED OF THE 1800’S • ORDERED BY QUEEN VICTORIA • PUBLIC SCHOOLS WERE CRITICISED AND FURTHER REFORM SUGGESTED • SPORT BECAME A KEY FOCUS OF MANY OF THESE REFORMS, EG. ETON & RUGBY

  13. HOMEWORK • REVISION – PROGRESS TEST NEXT MONDAY 8TH OCTOBER • WILL COVER SECTION A (HEALTHY, ACTIVE LIFESTYLES) & SECTION B (OPPORTUNITIES & PATHWAYS)

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