Ancient Egypt Unit Test Study Guide

1. Ancient EgyptUnit Test Study Guide

2. Egypt Egypt is a country in northeastern Africa. Most of Egypt is made up of desert. Egypt’s economy was based on farming.

3. How did the geography affect Egypt’s civilization? • Nile River: • provides food and water • good for transportation and trade • flooding could kill people, destroy homes and crops • flooding deposited silt which made the soil very fertile • river provided water for irrigation and farming • Ancient Egypt developed a calendar based on flooding.

4. How did the geography affect Egypt’s civilization? • Deserts: • provided protection from invaders because it is hard to cross • few people could live in the desert which kept the population near the river • isolation

5. How did the geography affect Egypt’s civilization? • Delta: • marshy area of land with many small waterways • provided papyrus which Egyptians used to make paper

6. How did the geography affect Egypt’s civilization? • Cataracts: • waterfalls • There were several along the Nile River which made it difficult to travel.

7. Pharaoh • Egyptian ruler who was worshipped as a god • referred to as a god-king • pharaohs ruled everything in the kingdom • pharaohs were believed to be related to Amon-Ra (the sun god)

8. How did the Egyptians adapt to and modify their environment to meet their basic needs of food, clothing, and shelter? Food: • fish from the Nile River • learned to irrigate so they could farm • they would store grain and meat in case of drought or famine irrigation canals

9. How did the Egyptians adapt to and modify their environment to meet their basic needs of food, clothing, and shelter? Clothing: • wore light clothes made from linen • linen made from flax which is grown along the Nile • they wove the flax into linen

10. How did the Egyptians adapt to and modify their environment to meet their basic needs of food, clothing, and shelter? Shelter: • made mud bricks by mixing mud and straw and baking them in the sun • rich people had homes made of stone • used papyrus reeds to make roofs

11. Social Structure Pyramid Can you fill in the social pyramid? King/Pharaoh Nobles, Priests, & Government Officials Merchants, Artisans, Scribes Farmers & Unskilled Workers Slaves

12. Daily Life of Men & Women

13. Religion: Beliefs: • they were polytheistic (believed in many gods) • Ra, the sun god, was the most important god • they believed that pharaohs were living gods

14. Religion: Buildings: • pyramids were built for the pharaohs who were worshipped like gods • underground tombs were later built so that valuables would not be stolen • temples were built where people could worship the gods

15. Religion: Rituals: • mummified the dead because of their belief in the afterlife • buried pharaohs with their valuables near them so they could enjoy them in the afterlife

16. Religion: Relationship to Government: • pharaohs believed to be god-kings • they built temples, performed religious rituals, and were believed to be a direct link to the gods • they believed in Divine Kingship – that kings are chosen by God and that the right to rule was passed from father to son

17. The Egyptian Empire Declines: War: • people were greedy for more land and power which led to many battles • many lives were lost in too many battles • the Kushites invaded and conquered all of Egypt Poor Leadership: • rulers were ineffective • the government was weakened

18. GRAPES Geography: Nile River, desert, cataracts Religion: polytheism, Ra, priests Achievements: pyramids, hieroglyphics, papyrus (paper) Political: Hatshepsut, Khufu, Menes Economic: farming, traded wheat, scribes Social: pharaoh, merchants, slaves

19. Civilization a group of people living together who have organized systems of government, education, religion, and a social structure Religion System of Government Social Structure Education