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Nancy Bayley: A Pioneer in Academia and Psychology

Explore the remarkable life and career of Nancy Bayley, a trailblazer in academia and psychology. Follow her journey through the 20th century, from her early accomplishments to groundbreaking research in infant development. Discover the legacy she left and the impact she made on women's roles in academia.

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Nancy Bayley: A Pioneer in Academia and Psychology

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  1. Nancy Bayley 1899 - 1994

  2. History & Zeitgeist

  3. Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley • September 28, 1899-- Nancy Bayley born • 1916-- Congress • 1917-- Picketing for suffrage • 1920-- 19th Amendment; League of Women Voters

  4. Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley • 1922-- B.S. University of Washington • 1923-- Equal Rights Amendment proposed • 1924-- M.S. in psychology University of Washington • 1925-- First woman governor • 1926-- Ph.D., University of Iowa & Instructor, University of Wyoming • 1933-- First woman in U.S. cabinet

  5. Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley’s Career • 1933-- First woman in U.S. cabinet • 1941-1945-- WW II • 1942-- Women in military • 1954-- NIMH • 1963-- Equal Pay Act • 1963-- Feminist movement • 1964-- Civil Rights Act

  6. Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley’s Career • 1966: Distinguished Scientific Contribution • 1966-- NOW • 1971-- APA Stanley Hall Award • 1972-- Title IX • 1972-- Equal Rights Amendment • 1973-- Row v. Wade • 1981-- Supreme Court • 1982-- APF Gold Medal • 1993-- Attorney General • 1993-- Sexual Harassment • 1994-- Nancy Bayley Dies

  7. Professional Obstacles

  8. Early 20th century for women • 1903- Women’s Trade Union League • 1920- Woman Suffrage, 19th Amendment. • 1941-1945, WWII • 1964- Civil Rights Act

  9. Nancy Bayley, Early on • Did not start school until she was 8 • Made up two years by age 10 • Completed schooling quickly

  10. The 20th century for women in academia • Salary: Men > Women across the board • Major universities 1960: 6.6% women, 2.6% full professorships • Tenured positions: Men > Women • Women typically clustered at the lower ranks

  11. Women in academia, cont • Degrees earned, slight + trend from 1900 to 1971 • Employment status of PhD’s 1960-1973

  12. Struggles, cont. • hugely successful • lived through a time of change for women • apparently unaffected • awards, accomplishments

  13. Experiments and Research

  14. Berkeley Growth Study • Factors that do not influence IQ • Health • Sex • Nursery school attendance • Birth order • Only child • Divorced parents • Shy children

  15. Berkeley Growth Study • Followed development through adulthood • Mental growth stabilizes ≈ 4 years

  16. Bayley Scales of Infant Development • Assesses development between 1 month to 3.5 years • Mental, Motor, and Behavior Rating Scales • Standard for infant assessment • Standardization sample of 1400 infants

  17. Bayley Scales of Infant Development • Reliability • First year .63-.93 split half • First year >.55 test-retest • Good Validity

  18. Strengths and Weaknesses

  19. Strengths • Measurement & Ethics • Naturalistic observation • Did not rely on one testing session • Concerned with welfare of participants • Bayley scales can be used with Normal, High risk, and MR infants

  20. Weaknesses • No adult scales • Weak for lower preschool age • IQ not highly predictive before age 4

  21. Influences

  22. Physical Development • Predicting adult size from infant size • Sex, height, skeletal age, & velocity of growth • Accurate within 1-inch • Height chart still in use

  23. Motor & Mental Development • 1940 - Rapid growth in infancy due to • Nervous system growth • Stronger muscles • Change in body proportions • These ideas were proven in 1980’s

  24. Bayley Scales of Infant Development

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