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Weapon Propulsion and Architecture

Weapon Propulsion and Architecture. Naval Weapons Systems. Introduction. Every weapon requires some form of propulsion to deliver it to its intended target. Propulsion systems are based on Newton’s Third Law: To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Types of Propulsion.

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Weapon Propulsion and Architecture

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  1. Weapon Propulsion and Architecture Naval Weapons Systems

  2. Introduction • Every weapon requires some form of propulsion to deliver it to its intended target. • Propulsion systems are based on Newton’s Third Law: To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

  3. Types of Propulsion • Propulsion Types can be divided into two categories: • 1) Energy Source • Effect of Gravity • Compression of Liquids/Gasses • Chemical Reaction • 2) Method of Launch • Gravity - a bomb • Impulse - a projectile • Reaction - a missile

  4. Simple: Uses the pull of gravity to get the weapon to the target. Used in: - All free fall and glide bombs - Torpedoes launched from aircraft (until it submerges) Gravity Propulsion

  5. Impulse LaunchingChemical Reaction

  6. Impulse Propulsion • Projectile is ejected from a container by means of an initial impulse. • Explosive Propellant Train:1) 2) 3) Igniter Primer Propellant Powder

  7. Impulse Propulsion

  8. Propellants • Smokeless Powders or Gunpowder's: • All are designed to produce large volumes of gases at a controlled rate. • Rate is based on the maximum pressure that can be withstood by the gun barrel, casing, etc.

  9. Burn Rate Controlling Factors- controls the pressure generated by the propellant • Size and shape of the powder grain • Web thickness; amount of propellant between burning surfaces of the grain. • Chemical burn rate constant of the propellant material • Percentage of volatile material present.

  10. Interior Ballistics • Action Inside a Gun. • Ignited propellant creates pressure within the chamber that forces the projectile down the barrel. Step 1 Step 2 Pressure Step 3 Gun Barrel

  11. Reaction LaunchCompression of Liquids/Gasses

  12. Propellants • Compressed Air / Gas: • Used to eject missiles or torpedoes from submarines. • Easily controllable; doesn't harm weapons • Problem: Compressor machinery to maintain a supply of compressed gas.

  13. Liquid Fuels • More powerful than solid fuels • High volatility • Can’t be stored for long periods

  14. Reaction Propulsion • Create a pressure differential in the medium they operate in, i.e. air or water. • Examples include: • Rockets, Missiles • Cruise Missiles • Turbo-jet, and Ram Jet engines

  15. Pressure is Balanced Burning Propellant along the inside of the casing exerts pressure in all directions at once, until a nozzle is fitted a one end. Pressure is Un-Balanced Forward Velocity Thrust Reaction Propulsion • Development of Thrust in a Rocket Motor:

  16. Reaction Propulsion

  17. Bernoulli’s Theory Convergent Divergent Pressure Increases Velocity Decreases Pressure Decreases Velocity Increases

  18. Turbojet LM2500 DC 10

  19. Turboprop

  20. Low-Supersonic Mach 3 to Mach 5 JP-4 Ramjet

  21. SR-71 Blackbird

  22. Scramjet Hydrogen Hypersonic Mach 5 to Mach 20

  23. Advantages / Disadvantages • Solid Fuel • Simple • Unlimited Speed • Any medium/vacuum • No moving parts • Full thrust at takeoff • No booster • Store fully fueled • Ready to fire!

  24. Advantages / Disadvantages • Liquid Fuel • Simple • Practically unlimited speed • Any medium/vacuum • Few moving parts • Full thrust on take-off • Less need for booster than air breather • Staged with liquid/solid rockets

  25. Advantages / Disadvantages • Turbojet • Large static thrust • Oxygen from air • Common fuels • Thrust independent of speed

  26. Advantages / Disadvantages • Ramjet / Scramjet • Simple • No wearing parts • Oxygen from air • Lightweight • Inexpensive to build and operate • Common fuels • Efficient at high speeds/altitudes • Supersonic • Have to get it up to speed to work

  27. Questions?

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