Get ready for the quiz

1. Get ready for the quiz Based on last day

2. Quiz #1 • 1. When did Canada declare war on Germany?2. What does BCATP stand for?3. What was King’s slogan in regards to conscription?4. What is a Canadian “zombie?”5. What Canadian group of people opposed conscription?

3. Quiz #1 • 1. When did Canada declare war on Germany?10 September 19392. What does BCATP stand for?British Commonwealth Air Training Program3. What was King’s slogan in regards to conscription?“Conscription if necessary but not necessarily conscription”4. What is a Canadian “zombie?”A conscripted soldier who refused to go active5. What Canadian group of people opposed conscription?French Canadians by 73%

4. Canada: The Home Front Production and role of women

5. objectives • In this lesson you will be able to: • Assess Canada’s role in WWII and the war’s impact on Canada • Explain the war’s impact on the home front (ex. Arsenal of democracy, total war) • Describe the role of women in terms of social, political, and economic change in Canada • Identify the contributions of women during the wars (ex. Increased industrial capacity, economic growth and employment, changing social attitudes) • Identify ways in which women have influenced Canadian society including: • Suffrage, prohibition, politics, pay and employment equity

6. Production: towards total war • British P.M. Churchill described the Br war effort as “total war” (an economy driven by the war effort) • Many industries involved focused on maintaining flow of weapons and supplies to Br. Creating bombs, bullets, ships, aircraft, and armoured cars. • Factories (such as automobile factories) stopped manufacturing cars and re-tooled to make vehicles for the battle front. • The concentration of Canadian industries on wartime production was called the “total war effort” Br. Prime Minister Winston Churchill

7. Production: Arsenal of democracy • King wanted Canada to be an “arsenal of democracy” (a slogan from President Roosevelt where America will give military supplies and materials to Britain) • 1940 election, King’s Liberals won their largest majority • In April, Department of Munitions and Supplies was established under Minister CD Howe. • Howe went to Br. to get orders for war materials C.D. Howehead of the Department of Munitions and Supply

8. Production Boards • Manufactures prepared orders for total war – sending supplies to Britain • If industries couldn’t handle the orders, Howe created Crown Corporations. • Crown corporations, uniquely Canadian public businesses, to produce items, such as synthetic rubber, where no industry had previously existed, dedicated all aspects to wartime production • War Supply Board: created and managed by Howe, goal was to organize Canadian industry toward supplying the front.

9. Canada’s Wartime Economy • Inflation was a big concern • Many people were working, but there were not many consumer goods. • When too many dollars chase too few goods, prices rise. • War bonds were used to ensure people saved money, rather than spend. • Inflation was slowed, but not stopped • In 1941 the Wartime Prices and Trade Board froze all wages and prices.

10. Rationing • The War Measures Act from WWI was still in effect. King est. the Wartime Prices and Trade Board to avoid the problem of greed and stop prices and wages from spiraling out of control. • The federal gov’t introduced rationing (restrictions on products such as gas, coffee, tea, butter, milk, sugar and meat) • The Women’s Regional Advisory Committee would keep track of prices in stores and report if something was charged above price

11. US and Can economy • America introduced the Lend Lease Act in 1941 – allowed Allied countries to buy materials from the states without having to pay up front • Canadian gov’t was worried Allied countries would buy from America instead of Canada • P.M. King and President Roosevelt issued the Hyde Park Declaration which stated the US would buy more raw materials from Canada and would supply Canada with American parts for weapons production • Canada and the US coordinated their efforts. • Each country would produce supplies it was best at- linking the economies of the US and Canada during the war.

12. PROBLEMS • Canada’s early materials were inferior as we lacked skilled workers • The need for workers conflicted with the need for soldiers • Howe was competing with Minister of Defense J.L. Ralston for people

13. Role of WomenOn the home front • Dramatic increase in women in the workforce • Factories began to work 7 days a week, 12 hours a day. • With so many men absent from home in the armed forces and with industries pushing for more production, the Canadian government actively urged women to work in the war effort. • By 1944 the number of women in the work force had reached over 1 million

14. Role of Womenon the home front • Women were working the same jobs as men but were still paid less for the same work • Cnd gov’t provided daycare and tax breaks during the war – but these were removed after the war • When the war ended, most people expected women to give up their jobs to returning soldiers • In 1940 King had introduced Unemployment Insurance • In 1945 King introduced Family Allowance to assist families.

15. Role of WomenOverseas • 1941 – for the first time in Canadian history official branches of the army, air force and navy were created • Canadian Women’s Army Corps –CWAC • RCAF – Women’s Division (air) • Women’s Royal Canadian Navy Service – WRENS • By the end of the war, more than 46,000 Cnd women served overseas, as cooks, nurses, pilots, mechanics, welders, and radar operators