Improvement and development of JINR Phasotron for Fundamental and Applied Research

1. Improvement and development of JINR Phasotron for Fundamental and Applied Research • Project SAD • Improvement of Phasotron and Beam Channels • Cyclotrons for Radiation Therapy • Design and Development of Cyclotrons

2. Blanket Shielding Vert. magnets SAD – Subcritcal Assembly at Dubna JINR, NIKIET, GSPI, VNIIM and MAYAK Project leader V.N. Shvetsov • Low power ADS prototype • Main components: • subcritical assembly • phasotron • 660 MeV proton beam • 2002 – 2006 Technical Design • - subcritical assembly • proton beam channel • fuel element • building • 2007 – 2011 Realization • Work canceled by financial reason

3. Improvement of the JINR Phasotron and Beam Channels • Renewal after fire: - Phasotron Subsystems - Beam for Radiation Therapy - Muon and Pion Beam Channels • Upgrade of Power Supplies for Extraction System • Main Coil Power Supply

4. Repair-and-renewal operations Repair-and-renewal operations on the Phasotron and radiation therapy beam channel after fire in April 2005 have been carried out in 2005 – 2006. After remedial work on all Phasotron subsystems and the communications repair internal beam was obtained in June 2006. The scope of work on the reconstruction radiation therapy beam channel - damaged magnetic elements replacement - power circuits connection to the power supplies - water cooling communications connection - each channel element testing under load - vacuum seals replacement and pumping system setting up - control and interlock systems cabling and adjustment - magnetic measurements, - channel magnetic elements alignment - magnetic elements parameters optimization for the proton beam transportation to the treatment room External beam was transported to the treatment room in December 2006.

5. Beam Channel for Radiation Therapy

6. The main subject of the research carried out at Phasotron is a medico-biological and clinic study of the proton therapy efficiency for different tumors and development of new methods radio-therapy at medical beams. • In the period from January 2007 to June 2009 230 patients with different tumors passed a course of proton therapy. During this period 16 proton therapy runs with full duration about 2200 hours have been carried out.

7. JARUS (JApan_RUSsia) Kyushu University (Japan) DLNP JINR (P.Evtoukhovitch, V.Kalinnikov, N.Khomutov, N.Kuchinskiy, A.Moiseenko, D.Mzavia, Z.Tsamalaidze) There is a current interest in developing accelerator-driven systems (ADS) for transmuting long-lived radioactive waste into shorter-lived products. Studies of these technologies need new nuclear cross section data to improve theoretical predictions of particle production, shielding requirements, activation, radiation heating, material damage and radiation dosimetry. To address these needs, a program is under way to develop new evaluated nuclear data libraries for incident protons and neutrons between 20 MeV and 3 GeV. It is also important to validate and to improve theoretical models, since the nuclear data evaluations are based on the a combination of nuclear model calculations and measured cross section data. 2004 d2/ddE 92Nb and 12C 2008 232Th(p,px)and 232Th(p, dx) 2009 September – run with new elements. Results will be presented at 12th International conference on the nuclear reaction mechanisms (Varenna, Italy, August, 2009) 4 plastic scintillators and BGO 2 SSD (Si) and CsI (Tl) Proton beam 360 MeV, intensity 108 p/sec Target – 77m

8. Beam-lines I-II (pandm) 2006 – 2009 Repair-and-renewal operations Slow extraction system Target station Secondary beam channels • 62 magnet elements, their power supplies, fire safety gauges and vacuum system have been revised in 2006-2007 years; • Alignment of beam elements and their currents adjustment have been performed in 2008-2009 years; Beam-lines I-II had been put in operation 28 March 2009 The negative back-decay muon beam was obtained: • Momentum 90-125 MeV/c • Intensity 3-5*104 muons per second • Electrons < 7% in the muon beam

9. Pion and Muon Channels

10. Extraction System 3 kA Power Supply Upgrade The beam extraction channel power supply system was designed at the end 70 years on the base of the industrial 12,5 kA and 3,2 kA rectifiers. More than 25 years system is used in the hard radiation environment, all its elements are out of date. New 3200А power supply IPKO-3200 was produced and put into operation in 2008. For the further increasing of reliability and pulsation reduction new current pulsation suppression systems should be developed for both extraction channel power supplies. Work is planned to be fulfilled in 2009 - 2010. Old PS ВАКГ-3200 New PS ИПКО-3200

11. Main Coil Power Supply At present the Phasotron magnet power supply is realized by means of motor-generator (1 motor-generator in reserve). The generators are used since 1949 and currently have completely worked out their resources. We plan to replace motor-generators by thyristor power supply TPP-5000 which was purchased at the end 80 years. Preparation work is in progress. Test switching is planned at the end of 2009. Motor-Generators TPP- 5000

12. Cyclotrons for Radiation Therapy Medico-biological and clinical research of the cancer patients treatment at JINR has a good progress. For further development in this field it is necessary to build an accelerator dedicated for this work. Because of that the main efforts of LNP accelerator physicists are concentrated on the design of cyclotrons for hadron therapy applications. • Cyclotron C2202005 – 2007 • Cyclotron C4002006 – 2009 • Cyclotron C235 V3 2007 – 2009

13. Cyclotron C220. Magnet Variant 1 Variant 2 Calculations have been done for three variants of cyclotron magnet yoke. Variant 3 has been chosen. Variant 3

14. Cyclotron C220 parameters The physical consideration of proton cyclotron on the energy 220 MeV has been done. The calculations on the cyclotron with maximum energy 250 MeV are in progress.

15. IBA – JINR Collaboration. C400

16. The present status of the C400 design • Magnet yoke stress and strain calculations were done by fine elements analysis method; • The isochronous magnetic field with adequate focusing characteristics and optimized extraction is obtained by computer simulation with the 3D TOSCA code; • Beam dynamic simulations have been done with multiparticle tracking codes for the acceleration and extraction regions; • Axial injection line, inflector and central region were designed; • RF cavity was designed by the CST Microwave Studio; • Ion losses due to residual gas interaction have been calculated. The design review of the C400 cyclotron was successful. The group of international experts emphasized high quality of the research work done by the JINR. The project will be ready to begin construction in the nearest future.

17. IBA – JINR Collaboration. C235 In 2007 IBA and JINR have signed an agreement on common work for the modification of a serial IBA cyclotron C235 with a goal to improve design C235 and build a new cyclotron C235 V3 with internal beam losses ~ 15%. • Magnetic Field and Beam Dynamics Calculations • Site Construction • Cyclotron Assembly • Magnetic Field Measurements and Tuning • Beam Test

18. Parameters of proton isochronous cyclotron C235

19. Magnetic Field and Beam Dynamics Calculations Goal: Reveal the reasons of internal beam losses • Losses in the extraction region. Recommendations were made on optimization of the geometry of the electrostatic deflector used for the beam extraction from serial proton therapy cyclotron C235. Realization of the new deflector increased efficiency of the extraction from 60 to 77%. • Losses in the acceleration region. It was shown that the main reason of particle losses in acceleration region is radial component of magnetic field. JINR group proposed modifications in magnet system design which decrease sensitivity of cyclotron to radial component of the magnetic field. On the basis of this proposal IBA have developed the magnet system with the changed angle of spirality of the sectors in the extraction region in order to increase frequency of axial betatron oscillations from Qz=0.25 to Qz=0.4

20. SSDI* Project. C235 Site Design. Detailed design of: shielding foundation – SSDI shielding roof – SSDI ventilation – SSDI radiation safety – SSDI fire alarm – SSDI shielding walls – JINR equipment positioning – JINR pit – JINR control room – JINR cable and water lines – JINR notches and false floors – JINR * State Specialized Design Institute

21. Vault and Control Room

22. Project of Radiation Therapy Center in Dubna Diagnostic and treatment ~ 1000 patients/year. Three treatment rooms: 1 equipped with gantry; 2 – with fixed beam.

23. Cyclotrons Design and Development • Cracow AIC-144 cyclotron was optimized including beam adjustment at the extraction region, increasing of the dee voltage to 53-54 kV and extension of the electrostatic deflector input radius. As a result of optimization the extraction efficiency was increased from 3% to 20%. • Tver RIC-30 cyclotron proton beam intensity increasing by correcting of the mean magnetic field in the central region was proposed on the basis of measurements of the magnetic field in the cyclotron. • RIKEN AVF Cyclotron Computer modeling of nitrogen, oxygen, and proton acceleration is in progress. • PET Cyclotron prototype (Ep= 9 MeV) – a technical proposal is finished, vacuum and acceleration systems are under construction, magnet system is prepared for field measurements and forming.

24. Improvement of the JINR Phasotron and Design of Cyclotrons for Fundamental and Applied Research Scientific Program: Improvement of the JINR Phasotron and beam channels. Design of the cyclotrons for medical purposes. Development of the cyclotron method for high-current beam acceleration. Expected main results: Commissioning of the main Phasotron magnet power supply TPP-5000. Commissioning of the new current pulsation suppression systems for the extraction channel power supplies. Beam channels ACS system upgrade. Beam extraction optimization. Completion phase of cyclotrons C235 and C400 construction and tests. Justification of the cyclotron C250 design. Simulations of the high intensity beam dynamics. Collaboration: Country City Institute or Laboratory Belgium Louvain-la-Neuve IBA Japan Wako RIKEN Poland Cracow NINP PAS Uzbekistan Tashkent INP UAS