Research and Development on Emerging Technologies: Applied Interactive Duality

1. Research and Development on Emerging Technologies:Applied Interactive Duality Elena Lacatus, Ph.D., NSE MSc Associate Professor University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, ROMANIA

2. Overview • Duality concept • Rejuvenated model • Emerging Technologies • Applied duality • R&D Policies on Emerging Technologies • Study cases on actual dual interactive emerging technologies • e-Health • e-Learning • e-Defense • e-Education • e-Environment • OLIVE • Conclusions

3. Duality concept • dual-use development as a strategy for improving efficiency and lowering costs Military Technological Transfer Emerging Technologies • designed through the Technology Reinvestment Project (TRP) and the associated National Flat Panel Display Initiative Gov., NGO, Associations 9/11 Civil Technological Transfer Suddenly a wide range of emergent technologies and technologies already under development for commercial use in the private sector were being considered for lead roles in the war against terror. Two technological systems with military roots and large potential applications to homeland security attracted broad commercial interest in the 1990’s. Both systems – the Internet and the set of computer-integrated sensor, surveillance and tracking technologies known as “smart highways” or intelligent transportation systems (ITS) – began as outgrowths of military R&D.

4. JOINT VISION 2020 e-Government GLOBALIZATION TRANSFORMATION TOOLS e-Business e-Defense e-Mgmt e-Environment e-Health e-Education e-Learning Rejuvenated model

5. e-Mgmt Government initiatives helping local authorities provide planning services online and accessible via the internet and email Business conducted using electronic media such as the Internet, other computer networks, wireless transmissions, etc e-Business e-Government e-Defense e-Environment e-Health the learning process created by interaction with digitally delivered content, services and support e-Health is an emerging field in the intersection of medical informatics, public health and business, referring to health services and information delivered or enhanced through the Internet and related technologies. In a broader sense, the term characterizes not only a technical development, but also a state-of-mind, a way of thinking, an attitude, and a commitment for networked, global thinking, to improve health care locally, regionally, and worldwide by using information and communication technology. Use of computers and electronics to assist learning and/or professional forming e-Learning e-Education

6. Technology Radical Military Communication Transport Substantial Level of Advancement Incremental Marginal Negligible Post-Roman Egyptian Greek Roman Modern ‘May you live in interesting times’Ancient Chinese Curse

7. Immersion into virtual space Virtual Reality Augmented Reality Mobile Computer Systems Desktop Computers Mobility in physical space Emerging Technologies Immersion A psychological state characterized by perceiving oneself to be enveloped by, included in and interacting with an environment that provides a continuous stream of stimuli and experiences Mobility The quality or state of being able to move or be moved quickly from place to place

8. Simulation Industrial design Teaching Computer games Scientific visualization

9. 4 Internet 13 Television 38 Radio A Fast Changing World - Time in years taken to gain 50 million users • World internet usage doubling every 100 days • Domain names being registered @ 17,000 a day

10. BIO TECHPharmaceuticalsDiagnosticsResearch/InfoToolsIndustrial INFO TECHHardwareSoftwareCommunications GenomicsBioinformaticsProteomics BiosensorsBiochips BioelectronicsMicrofluidicsNanobiotechnologyDrug Delivery NanodevicesNanosensorsNanoelectronics NANO TECHElectricalStructuralBiomedicalEnergy & Environment Three Converging RevolutionsThree Pervasive Technology Platforms

11. Overlapping clusters INFORMATION and COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY HEALTH Telecoms Medicalservices Bio-informatics Medical devices and scientific instruments Networking Computing Bio-pharmaceuticals University/ Research Institutes Wireless Inkjet printing Sound & vision Medicalresearch Technology Consulting Publishing Basic Research KNOWLEDGE CREATION Education

12. 10 Emerging Technologies withGlobal Market Potential New materials developed at a nano level including stronger, lighter plastics. Multiple applications – e.g. countertops, auto parts, toys Drug and gene delivery systems – numerous applications – targeting tumours and incorrect proteins Sensors and actuators – variety of applications e.g. electronics, cars, medical devices, pollution monitoring Electronic communications and informatics for data transmission Instrumentation, tooling and metrology for manipulation and assembly of the nanoscale Tissue engineering – artificial organs, medical implants, replacements for bones and teeth

13. 10 Emerging Technologies withGlobal Market Potential • New polymers – “plastronics” – light emitting polymers in screen and display technology, conductive polymers as potential silicon replacements • 8. Bioinformatics – computer based methods for a variety of applications to support bioscience developments, e.g. identification of drug candidates, genomics and proteomics • 9. “Bluetooth” – short-range wireless device-to-device communication – applications – entertainment, security, telecommunications, many more • Sentient computing – computers and sensors responding and interfacing • with the external environment

14. Hi-tech… Bio-tech… What next? Components Polymers – light / conductivity Print technology Sustainable materials Housing / transport ICT Intelligent Search Engines: large data sets Self regulating intelligent systems Pervasive computing Cyber Trust: integrity & privacy Knowledge exploitation: speeding innovation Creative Leisure: interactive technology Basic Science Materials Sciences Genetics /Biosciences Nanotechnology Computing / Information Cross cutting technologies Health Gene therapy Proteomics (protein functions) Regenerative medicine (stem cells)) Brain science: protective strategies Untreatable infections drug cultures Sustainability The lifecycle of products: waste / recycling Land Use: economic & environmental sustainability Energy Futures: new sources DTI Foresight / Investing for Innovation

15. For the Future…. For ALL of us…. • “Globalisation” will have new meanings • Growth of Asian Economies will have profound impacts • Collaboration and Partnership more sensible than competing sub-regions and clusters in Europe • Innovation Champions Network – an inspirational vehicle for European Sub-Region development and collaboration • Think of “ 2 + 2 = at least 6 – if you deal with emerging technologies!”

16. The Technology Boomerang

17. Trends at the interface of Security & S&T • Security increasingly dependent upon science and technology superiority and agility • Tension between culture of science & culture of security • Inherent dual use of technologies more significant • Technology will empower ever smaller actors to achieve greater absolute thresholds of threats • Technology enables changes in regional power balances • The inability of some to adapt to technologic change likely to be destabilizing • International system increasingly interconnected and integrated, facilitated in part by technology

18. Technology Forecasting: Looking Back at Past Projections . . . “There is not the slightest indication that nuclear power will ever be obtainable.” Albert Einstein 1932 “I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.” Thomas Watson 1943 “Two years from now, spam will be solved.” Bill Gates 2004 New York Times Monday January 10, 2005 Page C4

19. GPS INITIAL EXPECTED USES

20. GPS APPLICATIONS AND DIFFUSION

21. GPS INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS NOT INITIALLY SEEN BY DOD

22. GPS INNOVATION FROM FREE ACCESS + RECEIVER TECHNOLOGY

23. GPS Case1970s Predictions viewed from 2006

24. PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF RFID EXAMPLE OF SPECIFIC SUB-TECHNOLOGY

25. RFID – SOME FIRST ORDER INNOVATIONS

26. RFID - SOME SECOND ORDER INNOVATONS

27. RFID -- SOME THIRD ORDER INNOVATIONS

30. A large number of emerging technologies and standards address some of the technical requirements identified in the paradigm of Virtual Organizations (VOs).

32. Classification of technologies and standards; • mapping of technologies and standards to focus areas; • mapping of focus areas to problem areas

33. Conclusions: • Regardless the main activity area, Emerging • Technologies are interconnected through grid • structures either locally or globally; • Dual emerges to multifunctional as a new • technological era (Nanoera) arises; • All countries’ R&D Strategies on medium and • long term have special chapters on Emerging • Technologies, metrics and standardization • Military and civil applications are expressions of • the same scientific knowledge with different/ • similar technological approaches

34. Thank you for your attention! Questions?