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Ecology Guided Notes

HABITAT- area where an organism lives. BIOTIC - living factors in the environment ABIOTIC - non living factors in the environment. Ecology Guided Notes. Abiotic factors include sunlight, temperature, water, soil, minerals, and the air (oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) .

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Ecology Guided Notes

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  1. HABITAT- area where an organism lives. • BIOTIC - living factors in the environment • ABIOTIC - non living factors in the environment Ecology Guided Notes

  2. Abiotic factors include sunlight, temperature, water, soil, minerals, and the air (oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.)

  3. 1. POPULATION- all the individuals of a particular species within a certain area 2. COMMUNITY - all the populations of different organisms with a certain area 3. ECOSYSTEM - a community and its physical environment 4. BIOMES - a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar organisms living in them. Examples: Tundra, temperate rain forest 5. BIOSPHERE- portion of the Earth where living organisms reside (20 km or 12.4 miles thick!)

  4. NICHE - Every living organism has a specific job or role within an ecosystem.

  5. Different kinds of Niches • Producer- can make own food. Convert sunlight into chemical energy (sugar). This is called PHOTOSYNTHESIS. • Consumer – feed on others and release energy through a process called Cellular Respiration. • 3. Scavengers – feed on tissues of dead animals breaking them into smaller organic matter. • 4. Decomposers – called “the recyclers”. Convert the organic to inorganic nutrients for the producers.

  6. Think about it as a circle – “Circle of Life” CONSUMERS SCAVENGARS DECOMPOSERS PRODUCERS

  7. TROPHIC LEVELS IN AN ECOSYSTEM

  8. Tertiary Consumer Secondary Consumer Primary Consumer Producer

  9. IMPORTANT TERMS FOR THE COURSE. • How organisms get their food. • Make own food - AUTOTROPH. • 2. Feed on others - HETEROTROPH

  10. Match these terms with the niche AUTOTROPH HERBIVORE CARNIVORE HETEROTROPH Tertiary Consumer Secondary Consumer Primary Consumer Producer

  11. Feeding Relationships – Food Chains & Food Webs • Food chains- energy is passed from one to the next organism Owls Rats Crickets Arrow shows direction of energy flow Grass

  12. Energy Pyramid is a good name - why? Only 10% of the available energy is passed to next level. Which level has the most available energy? The least?

  13. So what happens to 90% of the energy? Some gets transformed into mechanical energy for digestion & metabolism, but most is converted into heat and released into the environment.

  14. Food Webs – many food chains are linked together What would happen to the snake population if the deer population decreased rapidly due to disease?

  15. Invasive species can create problems Fishing Boats Big Fish Native Mussels Zebra Mussels Small fish Zooplankton Phytoplankton

  16. Zebra & Quagga Mussels are filter feeders with no natural predators here in the U.S. Only the size of a dime, one female mussels can lay over 30,000 eggs every year! Zebra’s on Youtube! “Circle of Life”

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