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Delve into the intricate aspects of water and atmospheric moisture, covering properties, humidity, stability, clouds, and fog. Explore distribution patterns, phase changes, humidity instruments, adiabatic processes, cloud formations, and fog variations. Enhance your knowledge of these crucial geosystem components.
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Chapter 7Water and Atmospheric Moisture Geosystems 6e An Introduction to Physical Geography Robert W. Christopherson Charles E. Thomsen
Water and Atmospheric Moisture • Water on Earth • Unique Properties of Water • Humidity • Atmospheric Stability • Clouds and Fog
Water on Earth • Worldwide equilibrium • Distribution of Earth’s water today
Land and Water Hemispheres Figure 7.2
Ocean and Freshwater Distribution Figure 7.3
Unique Properties of Water • Heat properties • Phase change • Sublimation • Latent heat • Vaporization • Condensation • Heat properties of water in nature • Latent heat of sublimation
Three States of Water Figure 7.5
Uniqueness of Ice Forms Figure 7.6
Phase Changes Figure 7.7
Humidity • Relative humidity • Saturation • Dew point • Expressions of relative humidity • Vapor pressure • Specific humidity • Instruments
Relative Humidity Figure 7.8
Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Figure 7.10
Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Figure 7.10
Humidity Patterns Figure 7.11
Saturation Vapor Pressure Figure 7.12
Maximum Specific Humidity Figure 7.13
Humidity Instruments Figure 7.14
Atmospheric Stability • Adiabatic processes • Stable and unstable atmospheric conditions
Buoyancy Figure 7.15
Adiabatic Processes Figure 7.17
Adiabatic Processes • Dry adiabatic rate • 10 C°/ 1000 m • 5.5 F°/ 1000 ft • Moist adiabatic rate • 6 C°/ 1000 m • 3.3 F°/ 1000 ft
Atmospheric Temperatures and Stability Figure 7.19
Three Examples of Stability Figure 7.20
Clouds and Fog • Cloud Formation Processes • Cloud Types and Identification • Fog
Cloud Formation Processes • Moisture droplet • Cloud-condensation nuclei
Moisture Droplets Figure 7.20
Raindrop and Snowflake Formation Figure 7.22
Cloud Types and Identification Figure 7.23
Cirrus Figure 7.23
Cirrostratus Figure 7.23
Altocumulus Figure 7.23
Altostratus Figure 7.23
Nimbostratus Figure 7.23
Stratus Figure 7.23
Cumulus Figure 7.23
Cumulonimbus Figure 7.23
Cumulonimbus Development Figure 7.24
Fog • Advection fog • Evaporation fog • Upslope fog • Valley fog • Radiation fog
Advection Fog Figure 7.25
Evaporation Fog Figure 7.26
Valley Fog Figure 7.25 Figure 7.27
Evaporation and Radiation Fog Figure 7.29
Radiation Fog Figure 7.28
End of Chapter 7 Geosystems 6e An Introduction to Physical Geography Robert W. Christopherson Charles E. Thomsen