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What is Biomechanics?

What is Biomechanics?. Biomechanics: Hall. Basic biomechanics , p. 3 “... application of mechanical principles to the study of living organisms.” and “… use of the tools of mechanics . . . to study the anatomical and functional aspects of living organisms.” Biomechanics of human movement:

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What is Biomechanics?

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  1. What is Biomechanics? • Biomechanics: • Hall. Basic biomechanics, p. 3 “... application of mechanical principles to the study of living organisms.” and “… use of the tools of mechanics . . . to study the anatomical and functional aspects of living organisms.” • Biomechanics of human movement: • Kreighbaum & Barthels. Biomechanics: A qualitative study of human movement , p 1 “that area of study wherein the knowledge and methods of mechanics are applied to the structure and function of the living human system.” • This course focuses on the biomechanics of human movement • Good website on biomechanics: Biomechanics world wide Home

  2. Various types/contexts of human movement Occupational biomechanics (Aging) Sport biomechanics Rehab biomech Orthopedic biom Exercise biom? Sport medicine?

  3. Selected practical issues of interest to biomechanists and practitioners • Exercise biomechanics: • Do you really need an abdominal exercise device? Which type is best? • What are the relevant biomechanical correlates of aerobic exercise to enable the most appropriate one for individuals • Example: What are the ground reaction forces during various types of aerobic dancing ? Which types are contraindicated for older women? • What types of exercises are effective in promoting bone density? • Sport biomechanics: • What specific factors should a coach or athlete focus on in order to produce an increase in performance? • Which mode of exercise is best for producing increased power performance? • Which sport implement or exercise device is best suited for you? • How does the height of the mound affect pitching technique and/or potential for injury?

  4. Issues & problems, cont’d • Developmental/aging biomechanics • Does exercise play a role in promoting bone density or preventing osteoporosis? How? • Does activity level/type during formative years affect bone density later in life? • How can we prevent falls in aging people? • What special bone growth/injury problems do we have in youth? (mound height study) • Occupational biomechanics (ergonomics): • What movements and stresses contribute to carpal tunnel syndrome? Low back pain? Shoulder joint impingement? • What is the most efficient, or effective way to do a particular work task?

  5. General Approaches to Analyzing Biomechanics of Human Movement • Basic approaches to studying human movement • Kinetic vs Kinematic • Static vs Dynamic • Qualitative vs Quantitative • Maximize, minimize, or optimize • Factors-Results Approach- a quantitative, heirarchial, deterministic model (Adrian, p 17) • Identify result • List factors that produce the result • Holistic Principle Approach • Describe the movement • Describe overall performance goal in specific biomechanical terms • Divide movement into phases • Describe purpose/goal of each phase • Identify anatomical, mechanical, and environmental considerations • Determine biomechanical principles for successful performance of each phase and total movement • Assess performance based on these principles

  6. Hay’s heirarchial factors-results analysis model. Each lower factor influences the linked factor above

  7. The Holistic Model: The baseball swing

  8. Holistic Model – the baseball swing

  9. Tools Needed for Biomechanical Analyses • Prerequisite knowledge • Mathematics • Physics • Anatomy • Measurement tools • Kinematics – time, space relationships • Kinetics – forces (and their derivatives) and motion relationships • Electromyography • Experience • Problems, issues, and ideas

  10. Assignment for Monday, Jan 30 • Identify and be prepared to describe one or more areas of study or specific problems in biomechanics that you are most interested in, knowing more about, and/or perhaps do a literature review on • Do a cursory electronic search of your topic and locate a few journal articles • Using a search engine of your choice: • Locate an internet website that deals with problems and issues in an area of special interest to you • Give a short verbal summary of the contents of the site to the class. Include in your comments the following: (1) site URL and description, (2)general purpose, (3) intended audience, and (4) specifically, how the site is beneficial to you and others. • Read: (1) Hamill Ch 8 and 9 (Kinematics review); (2) Kreighbaum pp 537-555 & Adrian pp 131-134, 162-169

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