P. Krein, P. Chapman Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics

1. Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics Collaborative Network: an Overview of Machines and Energy on a National Scale P. Krein, P. Chapman Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

2. Introduction • CEME Collaborative Network (in order of visits) • Purdue University • University of California at Berkeley • Georgia Institute of Technology • University of Wisconsin – Madison • The Ohio State University • Oregon State University • Highlights of one or two activities at each school • Time for discussion of directions and needs

3. Purdue University • Electromechanical and systems requirements for more-electric naval vessels. • Transform the fleet, not just a ship. • System requirements and vulnerabilities have changed: in the last several major naval incidents, physical damage was limitedbut system failure was complete. • Must be able to function throughfirst-level damage. www.defenseindustrydaily.com

4. Purdue University • Genetic-algorithm-based system-level optimization. • Examples include optimization based on mission requirements. • Optimize operation subject to rational damage scenarios. • Ultra-fast simulation • Applying approaches that perform time simulation faster than real time.

5. University of California at Berkeley • Direct electromechanical generation from engines • Integrated generator methods for Stirling engine. • The figure of merit for energy conversion is really cost per output joule. Efficiency is less germane. • Microengines • Rotary engine at millimeter scale with integrated generator. • Favorable possibilities relative to batteries and small fuel cells. • Robot microactuators

6. University of California at Berkeley • Interests in PWM modulation processes and noise management. • Much interaction with industry in areas of analog integrated circuits and integrated power.

7. Georgia Institute of Technology • Program size on a par with Illinois (Ga Tech and Illinois are the largest ECE programs). • Hosts NEETRAC, a power test facility transferred from Georgia Power. • Interaction with mechanical engineering. • New faculty member in analog and power integrated circuits.

8. Georgia Institute of Technology • Online diagnostics for machines • Interpret current waveforms for various problems. • Applications include internal failures, bearing condition monitoring, imbalance detection. • Certain classes of problems are hard to distinguish. Various combinations of forward-sequence, backward-sequence, and d-q transformation concepts can help. • In smaller machines, bearing failures are the most common failure mechanism.

9. Georgia Institute of Technology • Machine design is actively taught. • One example: small generator to optimize power extraction from a reciprocating source. • Do the extraction directly rather than with (lossy) mechanical linkages for continuous motion. • Global energy challenges: in many areas, 100 W-hr/day would make a substantial impact on living conditions.

10. University of Wisconsin • Strong industry support and industry programs. • “Self-sensing” drive technologies in which sensors are integrated with machines or with drive circuits. • Very strong experimental activity, including a number of drives at a range of power levels.

11. University of Wisconsin • “Modular machines” • Discrete pole arrangements that can be assembled in piecewise fashion. • Opportunity to integrate pole-based drives with individual machine poles. • Challenge in dimensional consistency and rigidity. • Good interaction between aspects of power systems and aspects or machines and power electronics.

12. The Ohio State University • Analysis-based machine design is alive and well. Several industrial projects. • Example: discrete-pole machine with high pole count for washing machine application. • Work on dual-rotor machines for flexible applications. • Example: concentric machine with one PM rotor and one induction rotor. Provides an electric differential action.

13. The Ohio State University • Ohio State maintains one of very few high voltage labs. • Lab work is directed at dielectrics and insulation, and to a lesser extent at operational issues in power systems.

14. Oregon State University • Strong effort right now in ocean wave energy. • Challenge:convert verticalmotion toelectricity. • Directconversion isneeded. eecs.oregonstate.edu

15. Oregon State University • Interesting aspect: the political and social efforts associated with licenses and siting. • Even very careful and diligent preparation leads to a long, involved process. • The Oregon Coast has sufficient wave energy potential to more than supply the entire state.

16. Discussion • Outside of CEME, much electromechanics work seems to divide into various camps. • Few researchers exploring broad design questions or attempting “apples to apples” technology comparisons. • Design automation and design optimization remain excellent topics for current researchers.

17. Discussion • Innovations in electromechanics play a dominant role in energy as a whole. • Efficient machines would drop energy requirements substantially. • Broad use of ac drives also yields high impact. • Electric and hybrid vehicles. • Other more-electric systems for ships, aircraft, and many off-road mobile systems.