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Explore the flourishing period in Ancient Greece from 479BC to 431BC, where the city of Athens thrived in silver mining and trade. Delve into the rich contributions of Greek art, philosophy, government, and literature, including the democratic reforms by Pericles and the iconic Parthenon. Discover the polytheistic beliefs, philosophical pursuits for knowledge, and artistic achievements that defined this era.
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Greek Religion, Philosophy, and Art I. Golden Age • 479BC-431BC • Rich from silver mining and trade • Tributes paid to Athens by other city-states for protection • Made contributions in art, philosophy, government, and literature • Pericles, an Athenian leader, strengthened democracy by paying officials • Built the Parthenon
Greek Religion, Philosophy, and Art II. Religion • Polytheistic- worshipped many gods • Gods were immortal but had human form and characteristics • Twelve major Gods and many minor ones • Also worshipped heroes like Achilles, Hercules, and Perseus • Each city-state honored one of the 12 Gods • Mt. Olympus was the Gods’ home • Believed in oracles, places/people where Gods spoke to people and told them what to do • The Oracle at Delphi was the most famous
Greek Religion, Philosophy, and Art III. Search for Knowledge • Philosophers- Believed the mind and reason could be used to understand natural events • Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the most famous • More to come tomorrow
Greek Religion, Philosophy, and Art IV. Arts • Architecture- Famous for columns and for structures like the Parthenon • Goal of Greek Art: Present images of perfection in a balanced and orderly way • Plays- First Tragedies (serious stories that end in disaster for the main character) and then Comedies (stories that made fun of famous people or politicians): they were about Greek history, achievements, politics and customs • Plays first occurred at festivals to honor the gods
Greek Religion, Philosophy, and Art V. Many City-States • All city-states shared same language and many customs • Had different governments and goals • Competed against each other in trade and in war • Olympic Games- Started 776 BCE and continued for 1000 years. Started at a festival to honor Zeus