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Energy-Water Nexus: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Water Resources

This presentation discusses the interdependencies between energy and water resources, highlighting the impacts of energy production on water resources and the growing demands on water for future energy development. It explores the need for new technologies and approaches to address water constraints and optimize water management for multi-uses. The presentation also examines the role of research and development in finding innovative solutions to the energy-water challenges.

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Energy-Water Nexus: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Water Resources

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  1. Presentation to the Sustainable Water Resources Roundtable April 2006 John Gasper Argonne National Laboratory (202-488-2420, jgasper@anl.gov)

  2. Energy and Water are inextricably linked:Energy for water and water for energy • Energy production requires water • Thermoelectric cooling • Hydropower • Extraction and mining • Fuel Production (H2, ethanol) • Emission controls • Water production and • distribution require energy • Pumping • Treatment • Transport

  3. Energy development is already being affected by water constraints • Water rates in the Las Vegas Valley will go up . . . because of increased electricity costs -- Las Vegas SUN, 2002 • Utility regulators put ecology ahead of electricity in rejecting a major power plant . . . . that would use 2,500 gallons per minute to cool its steam turbines • -- Arizona Daily Sun 2002 • Georgia Power Loses Bid to Draw Water from Chattahoochee • -- Miami Herald, February 2002 • EPA Orders Mass. Power Plant to Reduce Water Withdrawals • -- Providence Journal, RI, July 2002 • Idaho Denies Water Rights Request for Power Plants • -- U.S. Water News Online, August 2002 • Pennsylvania Nuclear Power Plant to Use Wastewater from Coal Mines • -- The Philadelphia Inquirer, July 2003 • Utilities Warn of Power Crunch if Flows Are Cut • -- Greenwire, July 2003 • Governor of South Dakota called summit to discuss drought on the Missouri River and the impacts on irrigation, drinking-water systems, and power plants • -- News Release, February 2005

  4. Future energy development will put new demands on water resources • Many new technologies will be more water intensive • Hydrogen economy would require even more water: • Constraints will grow for energy development and power plant siting Source: multiple sources, to appear in the DOE Report to Congress

  5. Readily accessible fresh water supplies are limited and have been fully allocated in some areas Pumping at deeper depths and longer conveyance distance require more energy New technologies to access and/or treat non-traditional water resources will require more energy per gallon of water Impaired water, produced water, brackish water, and sea water Power requirements for current and future water supply Future Today 5000 4000 kWh per acre foot of water 3000 Sea Water Desalination Public Water Supply Systems 2000 Brackish Water Treatment 1000 Future water supplies and treatment will be more energy intensive Source: EPRI, 2000; Water Desalination Task Force, 2003

  6. New Science and Technology can help Understand supplies and demands better Information systems to integrate energy-water databases Computational science, hydrology, meteorology, energy policy & economics Make new supplies available New materials and separation processes Advanced desalination Treatment of impaired and produced water Use what we have more efficiently Increase water-use efficiency of energy Optimize water management for multi-uses

  7. All types of R&D will be needed to address Energy~Water challenges • Fundamental science for new knowledge and discoveries • Technology development to apply new ideas to current and future problems • Prediction/forecasting to guide R&D investments and improve decision-making • Demonstration, testing/evaluation, and technology transfer to impact commercial markets

  8. Congressional actions have converged with the EWN concepts • Energy Policy Act gives DOE new Authorization for Water-related R&D • Sect. 979: Energy-Water Supply Technologies Program • Water and Energy Sustainability Program • Assessments (collaboration w/ USACE and others) • Tools development for long-term planning • Report to Congress • Domenici-Pombo Water Technology bills are pending • 2004 press conference, Senate and House introductions, but no hearings • 2005 introductions in House (H.R. 3182) and Senate (S. 1860) • Latest versions are scaled down significantly from 2004 version

  9. FY05 appropriations are now supporting two Energy-Water efforts • Report to Congress • Consider energy and water interdependencies, trends in energy and water supplies, threats and concerns to energy production • Due to Congress by February 2006 • Energy-Water Roadmap for DOE • Assess emerging energy and water resource issues based on user and stakeholder needs • Develop energy and water science and technology priorities • Due to DOE by September 2006

  10. Report to CongressAt the Crossroads: Water Resource Impacts on Energy Security • Interdependencies • Energy Required by Water • Water Required by Energy • Water Shortages and Impacts on Energy • Opportunities to Secure Our Energy and Water Future • Addressing Critical Energy – Water Challenges

  11. Gap Analysis / Evaluate By Executive Committee Technology approaches / Innovation Workshop Technology Provider Driven Research Priorities / Strategies & Capabilities Assessment Peer Review Publish National Energy-Water Technology Roadmap Process Timeline Water for Energy 8/05 Executive Committee Meeting Executive Committee consists of ~ 20 members from industry, government, and academic institutions to provide external direction and review of process. 9/05 Three Regional Needs Workshops : Central – East – West User and customer driven Central – 11/05 East – 12/05 West – 1/06 3/06 5/06 6/06 8/06 9/30/06

  12. Regional Workshops to Characterize Needs Timeline Data, analysis, technology, policy issues of concern related to energy supply, water supply, energy impacts on water resources Near-, mid-, long-term needs Needs identified by representatives from industry, government, academic, NGOs Water for Energy 8/05 Executive Committee Meeting 9/05 Three Regional Needs Workshops : Central – East – West User and customer driven Central – 11/05 East – 12/05 West – 1/06 3/06 5/06 6/06 8/06 9/30/06

  13. Issues of concern identified fall into six topical areas Integrated resource planning Extracted and produced water Information management systems databases and modeling Water tech., efficiency, alternative sources Management of surface and ground waters Cost basis for water

  14. Examples of Needs Common to Topical Areas • Improved data on regional water availability and sustainability • Coordinated regional natural resources and systems planning • Improved materials, processes, and technologies to enhance water use efficiency and energy use efficiency • Basic research in chemical and biological processes to improve energy and water use efficiency • Applied research and more joint industry-government field demonstrations of emerging technologies • Science-based and natural resource-based regulations and policy • Improved economic evaluations of costs and benefits to reduce technology risks and accelerate implementation

  15. Gap Analysis / Evaluate By Executive Committee Characterization of Gaps Timeline Water for Energy 8/05 Executive Committee Meeting 9/05 Three Regional Needs Workshops : Central – East – West User and customer driven Central – 11/05 East – 12/05 West – 1/06 Independent expert panel identifies gaps between needs and available information capabilities, technology 3/06 5/06 6/06 8/06 9/30/06

  16. Gaps Analysis Status • Workshop Held • Draft gaps categories identified • Water supply, characterization, monitoring needs • Integrated regional resource planning and decision support tools • Water treatment • Renewable/unconventional energy technology • Biomass/biofuels • Thermoelectric power generation • Analysis under preparation • Includes specific near-, mid-, long-term goals

  17. Gap Analysis / Evaluate By Executive Committee Technology approaches / Innovation Workshop Technology Provider Driven Technology approaches / Innovation Workshop Technology Provider Driven Research Priorities / Strategies & Capabilities Assessment Peer Review Publish Next Steps Timeline Water for Energy 8/05 Executive Committee Meeting 9/05 Three Regional Needs Workshops : Central – East – West User and customer driven Central – 11/05 East – 12/05 West – 1/06 Technology experts from industry, academia and research sectors identify potential technology- based solutions to gaps 3/06 5/06 6/06 8/06 9/30/06

  18. Energy and Water Sustainability • Growing recognition of importance of energy-water relationship in assuring energy security • Science and technology can play an important role in meeting future energy and water needs • Ongoing planning efforts will provide a path forward for research, development and technology innovation

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