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Changes in Ecosystems: Ecological Succession

Changes in Ecosystems: Ecological Succession. Definition:. Natural, gradual changes in the types of species that live in an area; can be primary or secondary The gradual replacement of one plant community by another through natural processes over time. Primary Succession.

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Changes in Ecosystems: Ecological Succession

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  1. Changes in Ecosystems:Ecological Succession

  2. Definition: • Natural, gradual changes in the types of species that live in an area; can be primary or secondary • The gradual replacement of one plant community by another through natural processes over time

  3. Primary Succession • Begins in a place without any soil • Sides of volcanoes • Landslides • Flooding • Starts with the arrival of living things such as lichens that do not need soil to survive • Called PIONEER SPECIES

  4. Volcanic activity

  5. Rock slide I

  6. Pioneer_Lichen

  7. Primary Succession • Soil starts to form as lichens and the forces of weather and erosion help break down rocks into smaller pieces • When lichens die, they decompose, adding small amounts of organic matter to the rock to make soil

  8. Rock slide III

  9. http://www.life.uiuc.edu

  10. Primary Succession • Simple plants like mosses and ferns can grow in the new soil http://www.uncw.edu http://uisstc.georgetown.edu

  11. Primary Succession • The simple plants die, adding more organic material • The soil layer thickens, and grasses, wildflowers, and other plants begin to take over http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu

  12. Primary Succession • These plants die, and they add more nutrients to the soil • Shrubs and tress can survive now http://www.rowan.edu

  13. Primary Succession • Insects, small birds, and mammals have begun to move in • What was once bare rock now supports a variety of life http://p2-raw.greenpeace.org

  14. http://www.geo.arizona.edu

  15. http://www.ux1.eiu.edu

  16. Climax Community • A stable group of plants and animals that is the end result of the successionprocess • Does not always mean big trees • Grasses in prairies • Cacti in deserts

  17. A coniferous forest- climax

  18. A rainforest forest- climax

  19. A cold desert - climax

  20. Secondary Succession • Begins in a place that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms • Occurs faster and has different pioneer species than primary succession • Example: after forest fires

  21. Fire

  22. A burned forest

  23. Secondary Succession Occurs where an existing community has been cleared by some disturbance

  24. Secondary succession

  25. Man made climax

  26. What are the consequence of recurrent Hill fires in HK

  27. Grassy hills in HK-Lantau

  28. Simplifying the Ecosystem_Monoculture

  29. Simplifying the Ecosystem_deforestation

  30. Simplifying the Ecosystem_pollution

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