100 likes | 206 Views
Deposition Fluxes of Air Pollutants to Terrestrial Surfaces in Europe. Jan Willem Erisman (ECN), David Fowler, Mark Sutton, Eiko Nemitz, Kim Pilegaard , Martin Gallagher,Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Jan Duyzer, Ludger Grünhage, Ulrich Dämmgen,Stanislav Cieslik. EUROTRAC-2 priority areas.
E N D
Deposition Fluxes of Air Pollutants to Terrestrial Surfaces in Europe Jan Willem Erisman (ECN), David Fowler, Mark Sutton, Eiko Nemitz, Kim Pilegaard, Martin Gallagher,Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Jan Duyzer, Ludger Grünhage, Ulrich Dämmgen,Stanislav Cieslik EUROTRAC-2 Final Event March 18/19, 2003, Berlin
EUROTRAC-2 priority areas Tropospheric ozone and its control Tropospheric aerosols and clouds Deposition fluxes of Air pollutants Emission of gases and particles • Loss from the atmosphere: long-range transport, PM • Ecosystem inputs: acidification, eutrofication, ozonce exposure EUROTRAC-2 Final Event March 18/19, 2003, Berlin
European emissions, deposition and critical load exceedances Ecosystem protection National targets and policy Policy relevance EUROTRAC-2 Final Event March 18/19, 2003, Berlin
Auchencorth Speuld Melpitz Monitoring and field experiments EUROTRAC-2 Final Event March 18/19, 2003, Berlin
c air concentration a atmospheric resistance ATMOSPHERE boundary canopy layer c compensation resistance CANOPY c point stomatal In-canopy c resistance resistance cuticular resistance G = [NH ]/[H ] + + c 4 stomatal s compensation point c soil l compensation point Understanding deposition and emission processes • Bi-directional nature of ammonia exchange • Co-deposition of SO2 and NH3 • In-canopy NOx processes • Ozone fluxes: stomatal and external leaf uptake • Modelling surface – atmosphere exchange EUROTRAC-2 Final Event March 18/19, 2003, Berlin
Ammonia surface exchange Co-deposition of SO2 and NH3 Particle fluxes Examples EUROTRAC-2 Final Event March 18/19, 2003, Berlin
50x50 km hourly average concentration Sub-grid model - local emissions - detailed land use, complex terrain and surface roughness - meteorology - surface exchange modelling 5x5 km Application: deposition modelling EUROTRAC-2 Final Event March 18/19, 2003, Berlin
12 y = 1,06x + 1,89 10 2 R = 0,49 y = 1,07x + 2,09 2 R = 0,47 8 1997 1998 EDACS 6 Lineair (1998) Lineair (1997) 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 throughfall corrected for canopy exchange 8 7 y = 1,31x + 1,26 2 R = 0,54 y = 1,00x + 1,78 6 2 R = 0,39 5 1997 1998 EDACS 4 Lineair (1998) Lineair (1997) 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 throughfall corrected for canopy exchange Deposition modelling results: SOx in Germany 1990-1999 land use SOx, 1990 1999 EUROTRAC-2 Final Event March 18/19, 2003, Berlin
Future needs • Dynamic surface – exchange modeling • Integral deposition/emission modeling • Policy evaluation: (dry) deposition network • Evaluating feedback mechanisms (global warming, ecosystem vitality, co-deposition, etc.) • Integrated approaches of C, H, O, P, N cycles and their interaction EUROTRAC-2 Final Event March 18/19, 2003, Berlin