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Trends of POP concentrations in air and deposition in the northern Europe

Trends of POP concentrations in air and deposition in the northern Europe. Eva Brorström-Lundén, Katarina Strömberg Erika Junedahl and Anna Palm Swedish Environmental Research Institute, IVL Sirkka Leppanen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, FMI.

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Trends of POP concentrations in air and deposition in the northern Europe

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  1. Trends of POP concentrations in air and deposition in the northern Europe • Eva Brorström-Lundén, Katarina Strömberg • Erika Junedahl and Anna Palm • Swedish Environmental Research Institute, IVL • Sirkka Leppanen, • Finnish Meteorological Institute, FMI

  2. Atmospheric Concentrations and Deposition Fluxes of POPs in Scandinavia • Seasonal variations • Spatial variations • Time trends

  3. Measurements of POPs Research program 1989-1994 Measurements of POPs have been carried at coastal and sea based stations at the Swedish west coast Monitoring program 1994- Measurements of POPs were included in the Swedish monitoring program for air pollutants - One station at the Swedish west coast, Rörvik Included in the EUROTRAC subproject MEPOP

  4. Measurements of POPs Monitoring program 1996- One additional station located in the northern of Finland was included in the Swedish monitoring program, Pallas These measurements are carried out as a Swedish (IVL)and Finnish (FMI) co-operation.

  5. Location of the sampling sites

  6. Measurement program Measurements of POPs in air and deposition are carried out simultaneously at the two sites with a frequency of one week per month.

  7. Measurement technique air High volume air sampler (HVS) PUF plugs for collecting POPs i the gas phase and a glas fiber filter for particle bound POPs

  8. Measurement technique deposition Bulk sampler 1 m2 Teflon coated surface with 10 cm edges and a PUF cassette in the centre. A modified sampler are used for snow collection at Pallas. The deposition samples include both precipitation and deposited particles.

  9. POPs in the program Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (11 PAHs)  Polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs (IUPAC no:s 28, 52,101, 18,153, 138, 180)  Hexachlorocyclohexanes (alpha- and gamma HCH) POPs which differ in chemical and physical properties and with different exposure pattern

  10. The atmospheric concentrations of PAHs at Rörvik 1989-2000: Time trends and seasonal variation

  11. The yearly average concentrations of PAHs in air at Rörvik 1994-2000 Data from April 1995 has been excluded

  12. The atmospheric concentrations of B(a)P at Rörvik and Pallas: Spatial and seasonal variations during 1996-2000

  13. The atmospheric concentrations of PCBs at Rörvik 1989-2000: Time trends and seasonal variation

  14. Time trends in air The yearly average concentrations of PCB 28 and PCB 153 Rörvik 1995-2000

  15. The atmospheric concentrations of PCBs at Rörvik and Pallas: Spatial and seasonal variations during 1996-2000

  16. The atmospheric concentrations of HCHs at the Swedish west coast Rörvik 1989-1999

  17. The yearly average concentrations of HCHs at Rörvik 1994 -1999

  18. The atmospheric concentrations of HCHs at the Swedish west coast and in the northern Finland: Spatial and seasonal variations during 1996-1999

  19. POPs in the atmosphere • Conclusions • A seasonal variation are observed: • The PAH levels are highest in the winter • The PCB and HCH levels are highest during the summer • The atmospheric concentrations of PCBs and HCHs at the Swedish west coast have decreased between 1989-2000 • The PAH levels are higher in the south compared to the north while the levels of PCBs and HCHs in Pallas and Rörvik are similar. Evidence for long-range transport

  20. Deposition Fluxes of POPs at the Swedish west coast Summary  The greatest amounts of the measured POPs are deposited in connection to long-range air transport and/or together with heavy precipitation  The measured deposition fluxes of PAHs and PCBs are mostly due to particle deposition in connection with precipitation while HCHs are washed out with the precipitation

  21. Deposition Fluxes of PCBs in relation to the concentrations in air at the Swedish west coast Data from Rörvik 1995-1998

  22. The average distribution among PAHs and PCBs at Rörvik 1995 -1999

  23. Estimated yearly deposition of PAHs (sum) and at Rörvik and Pallas 1995-1999 ug/m2 year

  24. Estimated yearly deposition of PCBs (sum 7) at Rörvik and Pallas 1995-1999 ng/m2year

  25. Monitoring program from 2001 • The sampling program at the Swedish west coast of POPs includes: • Air Weekly sampling • Deposition Monthly sampling • These measurements of POPs are included in the Swedish monitoring program for air pollutants and financed by The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

  26. POPs included in program from 2001 • PAHs • PCBs • HCHs • Chlordanes DDTs • HCB • New • Brominated flame retardants PBDE

  27. Råö “super station” at the Swedish west coast

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