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Analysis of micro indicators on food security: India. BACKGROUND INFORMATION.
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BACKGROUND INFORMATION Population: 1.1 billionGDP per capita: $2,600Agriculture: 17.6 percent of GDPAgricultural Production: rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes, cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry, and fishMajor Agricultural Exports: cotton, oil meals, rice,marine products, sugar, paper/wood products, and spicesMajor Agricultural Imports from U.S.: tree nuts, cotton, pulses, fresh fruit, planting seeds, hides and skins, and vegetable oils (excluding soybean oils) • Source: USDA
According to the International Food Policy Research Institute’s 2011 Global Hunger Index: • 60 million children in India are underweight & malnourished • 21 percent of the population in general is malnourished.
Depth of food deficit* *Calories needed to lift the undernourished from their status, ceteris paribus
Food acquisition by male and female headed households A. Male B. Female
Presentation of the survey and limitations of the food consumption data
Indian National Sample Survey (NSS) A. Description • Set up by the GOI in 1950 to collect socio-economic data • Conducted every 5 years • 66th Round (July 2009 to June 2010) • Period of survey divided into 4 sub rounds in 3 months duration • Covered whole of Indian Union except for interior villages of Nagaland and Andaman and Nicobar Islands • Total no. of HHs : 100, 855 B. Food consumption data • Recall of daily food items consumed (last 30 days) • Quantities in kilograms • Values in LCU (Rs.) • Number of food items: 146
Limitations • Consumer expenditures survey • Absence of data on anthropometric measures, income & no. of food partakers • Short reference period (1 month) ~ recall errors • Seasonal variation not accounted for • Food source codes overlap • Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep did not participate in the 66th round survey. • FCT for India is not available
Recommendations • Include anthropometric measures, income and number of food partakers • Longer reference period to account for seasonal variability in consumption • Clear distinction among food sources • Reconstruct country NCT once FCT becomes available