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Micro to Nano Technologies

Micro to Nano Technologies. By: Brent Hare Lenox laser March 30, 2004. Micro to Nano Technologies. Micro - Prefix meaning one millionth, 1/1,000,000 Nano – Prefix meaning one billionth, 1/1,000,000,000 . The Powers of 10. Current Micro Technologies.

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Micro to Nano Technologies

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  1. Micro to Nano Technologies By: Brent HareLenox laser March 30, 2004

  2. Micro to Nano Technologies • Micro - Prefix meaning one millionth, 1/1,000,000 • Nano – Prefix meaning one billionth, 1/1,000,000,000

  3. The Powers of 10

  4. Current Micro Technologies • Photonics - Optical Apertures and Flow Orifices • Electronics – Semiconductor chips, anodic bonding • MEMS – Micro Electro Mechanical Systems • Communication – Fiber optics, switching interconnects • Biotechnology - cell filtration, drug discovery

  5. Current Nano Technologies • Molecular manufacturing – Precision down to the atomic level • Nanotubes –Building advanced lightweight materials as well as advancements in LCD technologies • Medicine – Devices that will flow through the circulatory system • Nanocomposites – Assisting in vast improvements in material compositions • Electronics – Advanced CMOS and silicon transistor integration with lithography

  6. Micro scaling to Nano Click Picture to watch Nanotechnology movie mms://stream.techtv.com/windows/bigthinkers/2002/bt020225b_165_0.asf

  7. Micro - Optics • Ability to drill to ½ micron for half the wavelength • Micromirrors for next generation telescope optics Micromirrors Microlens Arrays http://www.memsoptical.com/prodserv/products/microlensar.htm

  8. Micro - Electro • Pentium 4- • Top speed – 3.4ghz • Built on a 0.13 micron die • 168 million transistors on 200mm2 http://www.geek.com/procspec/intel/pic2p4-13.htm

  9. Micro - Chemical • Miniature fuel cells • Micro channels • Chemical reactors Micro Chemical Channel Micro Fuel Cell http://www.utnl.jp/~mada-lab/research.html 50 Micron Chemical Reactor

  10. Micro Flow Devices Swagelock has begun to minaturize its flow components = 6in. x 18in. Photos from Pittcon 3ft. X 4ft.

  11. Micro - Engineering • Micro gears • Micro embossing and stamping • Microactuators (Tiny Motors) • Micro-valves Micro embossing Complex Ratchet Micro-valves http://www.memx.com/image_gallery.htm

  12. Micro - Mechanical Microactuators – tiny motors http://us.st.com/stonline/prodpres/dedicate/mems/technolo/micro/photo.htm

  13. Micro Mechincal World’s smallest steam engine, the pistons are 5 microns and it actually works Micro Clutch mechanism, gears are 50 microns http://www.memx.com/image_gallery.htm

  14. Microfluidics Print Cartridges • Capillary uptake • Piezoelectric inkjets • Flow sensing • Drug dispensing • Flow based separation Lab-On-Chip for DNADetection and Analysis http://www.sensorsmag.com/articles/0700/10/main.shtml Micro Canals

  15. Micro Communications • Full optical switching technologies • Most fiber optic backbone in the United States ranges from 1.3 to 1.5 micrometers and can transmit over 5 GBps and can span 93 miles Fiber optic switching http://www.lucent.com

  16. e-blox (Scaleable, Interfaceable, Stackable) • Micro to nano interfaces for simple solutions • e-blox allows you to build backbones connecting Gas, Liquid, Electro, Optical – Fiber/Micro, and nanotechnologies in order to build unique devices for MEMS and other technologies • Imagine devices built with the integration of all of these competing technologies on a Scaleable, Interfaceable, Stackable solution at the micro and nano level

  17. MEMS (Powder Metal Die Casting for building small parts) • The ability to arrange particles and then compress them into a die to build ultra small parts that can be used in MEMS technologies i.e. e-blox • They have the ability to create miniature tools and dies to help build MEMS technologies Micro Sensor 0.051mm http://www.smalltimes.com/document_display.cfm?document_id=5340

  18. Rapid Prototyping • Use of 3D CAD modeling with SolidEdge • 3D Scanning Technologies – Use of lasers and optics to scan surface objects • 3D Holography Technologies – Holograms for real visualizations 3D CAD Model http://www.solid-edge.com/

  19. Electroforming Technologies Electroforming is the process of fabricating a part from the plating itself. A shaped mandrel is plated long enough to build up a "stand alone" thickness. The mandrel is then removed by melting, chemically etching or exploiting differences in thermal coefficients of expansion between the electroformed part and the mandrel. http://www.epner.com/electroforming_intro.ssi

  20. Etching Technologies • Wet Etching – Dissolves materials with chemicals and the use of masks • Dry Etching - ion etching (RIE), sputter etching, and vapor phase etching are used by blasting the material surface with ion gases http://www.memsnet.org/mems/beginner/etch.html

  21. Lithography Technologies • Lithography is a printing process where image areas and non-image areas are separated chemically • Silicon semiconductor companies use extremely small masks to mark silicon wafers with 248 nm, 193nm, and now 13.4nm wavelengths of light http://www.intel.com/research/silicon/lithography.htm

  22. Piezeo electronics (for micro to nano movement) • Pizeoelectronics are materials that produce an electrical response to a mechanical force. • Can be used in Vibration Monitoring, Imaging Arrays, Doppler Probes, Biotech, Pharmaceutical, and Industrial & Process Control

  23. First NanoChips • Integrated circuits can be made down to 50nm • 50nm chips are made using 193nm lithography (smaller than a wavelength so they use diffraction corrections) http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa002&articleID=000CE8C4-DC31-1055-973683414B7F0000&pageNumber=4&catID=2

  24. Next Generation Nano Lithography • To build chips smaller than 50nm, new lithography technologies must be created – The above technology can use 13nm ultraviolet wavelengths http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa002&articleID=000CE8C4-DC31-1055-973683414B7F0000&pageNumber=4&catID=2

  25. Nano Biotechnologies • Scientists have developed a way to use DNA for minuscule wires that can be used in nanoelectronics • Ability to have insulated wires sized at 25nm and 20 microns in length http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa002&articleID=000CE8C4-DC31-1055-973683414B7F0000&pageNumber=4&catID=2

  26. Nanotubes • Conductive and high-strength composites • Energy storage and energy conversion devices • Sensors • Medical drug delivery and DNA research • Nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnects Nanotubes are built by arrangingseveral atoms in a closed pattern to form an unbelievably small tube http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/images4/nanotubes-model.jpg

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