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Drafting Boot Camp

Drafting Boot Camp. Why Study Drafting?. Drafting is a form of graphic communication “A picture is worth a thousand words.”. Drafting as a Language. Drafting is called a “ universal language ” Symbols (lines and figures) have specific meaning are used

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Drafting Boot Camp

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  1. Drafting Boot Camp

  2. Why Study Drafting? • Drafting is a form of graphic communication • “A picture is worth a thousand words.”

  3. Drafting as a Language • Drafting is called a “universal language” • Symbols (lines and figures) have specific meaning are used • The symbols accurately describe the shape, size, material, finish, and fabrication or assembly of a product

  4. Drafting Plans

  5. Drafting as a Language • Drafting is also the “language of industry” • Industry uses this precise language because the drawings must communicate the information the designer had in mind to those who produce the product.

  6. CAD • Computer Aided Design

  7. CAD Plotters • When a design is complete, high-speed plotters or printers turn out hard (paper) copies showing the part or design.

  8. Fields of Drafting • Aerospace • Architectural • Automotive • Electrical • Electronic • Printed circuitry design • Topographical • ETC… • Yes! IT IS EVERYWHERE!!

  9. Drafting Equipment • PENCIL • F, 2H, or HB • Paper • 8 ½ x 11 in. • Graph paper—cross-sectional or isometric

  10. Instructions • In sketching, a line is drawn by making a series of short strokes. 1st: SKETCH CONSTRUCTION LINES 2ND: COMPLETE BY SKETCHING IN DESIRED WEIGHT LINE

  11. Alphabet of Lines • A drafter uses lines of various weights (thicknesses) to make a drawing. • Each line has a special meaning. • Contrast between the various line weights or thicknesses help to make a drawing easier to read. • It is essential that you learn this ALPHABET OF LINES

  12. Alphabet of Lines • Construction and Guide Lines • Construction lines are used to lay out drawings • Guide lines are used when lettering to help you keep the lettering uniform in height. • These lines are drawn lightly using a pencil with the lead sharpened to a long conical point.

  13. Alphabet of Lines • Border Line • The border line is the heaviest (thickest) line in sketching. • First, draw light construction lines as a guide. • Then, go over them using a pencil with a heavy rounded point to provide the border lines.

  14. Alphabet of Lines • Object Line • The object line is a heavy line, but slightly less in thickness than the boarder line. • The object line indicates visible edges. • In sketching object lines, use a pencil with a medium lead and a rounded point.

  15. PRACTICE • Let’s Practice!! • Sketch on Plate 3-2 • Construction Lines • Border Lines • DO NOT SKETCH ADDITIONAL LINES YET!!!

  16. Alphabet of Lines • Hidden Line • Hidden lines are used to indicate or show the hidden features of a part. • The hidden line is made up of a series of dashes (1/8 in.) with (1/16 in.) between the dashes

  17. Alphabet of Lines • Dimension Line • Dimension lines generally terminate (end) with arrowheads at the ends. • They are usually placed between two extension lines. • A break is made, usually in the center, to place the dimension. • The dimension line is placed from ¼ in. to ½ in. away from the drawing. • It is a fine line and is drawn using a pencil sharpened to a long conical point 2

  18. Alphabet of Lines EXTENSION LINE • Extension lines • Extension lines are the same weight as dimension lines. • These lines indicate points from which the dimensions are given. • The extension line begins 1/16 in. away from the view and extends 1/8 in. past the last dimension line. 2

  19. PRACTICE • Let’s PRACTICE • Try to draw this multi-view drawing. • Label all of the lines that we have learned so far!

  20. Alphabet of Lines • Centerline • Centerlines are made up of alternate long (3/4 in. to 1 ½ in.) and short (1/8 in.) dashes with 1/16 in. spaces between. • These are drawn about the same weight as dimension and extension lines, and are used to locate centers of symmetrical objects.

  21. Alphabet of Lines • Cutting-Plane Line • A cutting-plane line indicates where an object has been cut to show interior features. • Two types are used: • ¼ in. dashes with 1/16 in. spacing • A long dash (3/4 in. to 1 ½ in.), then two short dashes (1/8 in.) with 1/16 in. spacing. • Draw the cutting-plane line slightly heavier than an object line, using a pencil with a rounded point.

  22. Alphabet of Lines • Section Line • Section lines are used when drawing inside features of an object to indicate the surfaces exposed by the cutting-plane line. • Section lines are also used to indicate general classification of materials. These lines, light in weight, are drawn with a pencil sharpened to a long conical point.

  23. Alphabet of Lines • Phantom Lines • Phantom lines are used to show alternating positions of a moving part, repeated details, or the path of motion of an object. • The line weight is the same as centerlines. • A phantom line consists of dashes ¾ in. to 1 ½ in. long, separated by a set of two short (1/8 in.) dashes.

  24. PRACTICE!! • Let’s Practice!! • Complete the rest of the sections on Plate 3-2 • Grab a ruler—practice with plate 5-1!

  25. ½ in. All around Sheet Layout for Sketching • Sketch a ½ in. border around the edges of the paper. Use a construction line. The sheet should be 8 ½ in. by 11 in. It may be plain or graph paper. Sketch in guide lines.

  26. Sheet Layout for Sketching, Continued… • The edge of your drawing board or desk may be used as a guide in sketching the boarder and guide lines. Place the pencil in a fixed position and move your fingers along the edge of the drawing board or desk. • Sketch a boarder line over the construction lines, letter in information as shown on next slide… • Remember to take your time and sketch in the border and information carefully and neatly.

  27. ½ in. All around Sheet Layout for Sketching, Continued… SCHOOL DATE NAME PLATE NO.

  28. Measurements • Review

  29. How to Sketch a Horizontal Line • Mark off two points spaced a distance equal to the length of the line to be drawn. The points should be parallel to the top or bottom edge of your paper. • Move your pencil back and forth and connect these points with a construction line. • Start from the left point and sketch an object line to the right point. This line is sketched over the construction line. *Yellow color indicates guides, not necessarily actual lines to be drawn.

  30. How to Sketch a Vertical Line • Mark off two points spaced a distance equal to the length of the line to be drawn. The two points should be parallel to the right or left edge of the sheet. Move your pencil back and forth and connect these points with a construction line. • Start from the top point and sketch down and over the construction line to draw the desired line. • Vertical lines can also be sketched by rotating the paper into a horizontal position and proceeding as explained in How to sketch a Horizontal Line.

  31. How to Sketch an Inclined Line • Mark off two points at the desired angle. Connect these points with a construction line. • Sketch the desired weight line over the construction line. Sketch in the directions illustrated. • Sketch up when the line inclines to the right. • Sketch down when the line inclines to the left.

  32. How to Sketch an Inclined Line, Continued… • Inclined lines can also be sketched by rotating the sheet so the points are in a horizontal position. Sketch the line as previously described. • For some sketching problems, it may be earlier to rotate the paper so the points are in a vertical position. Proceed as explained in How to Sketch a Vertical Line.

  33. How to Sketch Squares and Rectangles • Sketch a horizontal line and a vertical line (axes). • Begin at the intersection of these lines and lay out equal units on both lines in each direction. • For example: If you want to draw a 2 ½ in. square, you would estimate a unit of ¼ in. and mark off five of these units on the vertical axis above and below the horizontal axis. Lay out the horizontal axis in the same manner.

  34. How to Sketch Squares and Rectangles, Continued… • Sketch construction lines through the desired points. • Go over the construction lines forming the square to produce the desired weight line. • Rectangles are sketched in the same way except that you will have more units on one axis (line) than the other axis (line).

  35. How to Sketch Angles • Sketch vertical and horizontal construction lines. These lines will form a 90 degree or right angle. • A 45 degree angle is sketched by marking off equal number of units on both lines. Connect the last unit of each line. This will form a 45 degree angle with the vertical and the horizontal lines.

  36. How to Sketch Angles, Continued… • To sketch 30 and 60 degree angles, mark off three units on one line and five units on the other line. Connecting the last unit on each line will give the required angles. 300 600

  37. How to Sketch Angles, Continued… • Other angles may be drawn by sketching an angle and subdividing this into the approximate number of degrees required. Example: dividing a 30 degree angle into thirds will give a 10 degree angle. 100

  38. How to Sketch Angles, Continued… • Another method used to develop angles in sketching is to sketch a quart circle and divide the resulting arc into the desired divisions. Example: Dividing the arc into three parts will give 30 and 60 degree angles. 300

  39. How to Sketch Circles • Sketch vertical, horizontal, and inclined axes. • Mark off units equal to the radius of the required circle on each axis.

  40. How to Sketch Circles, Continued… • The radius units can be quickly and accurately located by marking off the desired radius on a piece of paper and using the paper as a measuring tool.

  41. How to Sketch Circles, Continued… • Sketch a construction line through the points. When satisfied with the construction line, fill it in with a line of the desired weight.

  42. How to Sketch an Arc • Sketch a right (90 degree) angle. Use construction lines. • Units equal to the length of the desired radius are marked on each leg of the angle. Connect these points with a construction line.

  43. How to Sketch an Arc, Continued… • Divide this line into two equal parts. Starting from the point where the legs of the angle intersect, sketch a line through the dividing point of the diagonal line.

  44. How to Sketch an Arc, Continued… • Mark off a point half way between the diagonal line and the intersection of the legs of the angle. Sketch an arc through the three points as shown.

  45. How to Sketch an Ellipse • Sketch horizontal and vertical lines as shown. Mark off equal size units on the centerlines to construct a rectangle with the dimensions equal to the major axis (the long axis) and the minor axis (the small axis) of the desired ellipse.

  46. How to Sketch an Ellipse, Continued… • Construct the rectangle by sketching construction lines through the outer points.

  47. How to Sketch an Ellipse, Continued… • Lightly sketch arcs tangent to the lines that form the rectangle. • When you are satisfied with the shape of the ellipse, complete it by going over the construction lines with lines of the desired weight.

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