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Internal Forces and Climate. I. Introduction. I. Introduction. Erosion rate: 14 cm per 1000 years. Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years. I. Introduction. Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance. I. Introduction.
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I. Introduction Erosion rate: 14 cm per 1000 years Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years
I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance
I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance .000131 ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = ???
I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance .000131 ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = 152 million years
I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance .000131 ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = 152 million years
II. The endogenic effect A. Overview
II. The endogenic effect “The difference between the two masses represent a balance in endogenic mechanics” A. Overview
Archimede’s Principle: An object is immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
II. The endogenic effect • Epeirogeny “uplift or depression on a regional scale, with minimal disruption of original rock structure” e.g.: isostacy
D. Volcanism Two overlying controls: Silicon content of magma Temperature of magma
D. Volcanism 1. Lava Plains and Plateaus
D. Volcanism Lava Plains and Plateaus 2. Shield Volcanoes
Shield volcanoes • Tall volcanoes –3 or 4 miles tall • Wide base – Diameter of ten of miles
D. Volcanism Lava Plains and Plateaus Shield Volcanoes 3. Cindercone Volcanoes
Cinder cones • Short, narrow cone, • Steep sides • Violent eruptions
D. Volcanism Lava Plains and Plateaus Shield Volcanoes Cindercone Volcanoes 4. Composite Volcanoes
Composite or stratovolcanoes – • Tall volcanoes – 1 to 2 miles high • Violent eruptions
III. Climatic Geomorphology A. Overview “Examine the relationship between landforms and climate”
III. Climatic Geomorphology • Overview • Geomorphic Response “response time”
III. Climatic Geomorphology • Overview • Geomorphic Response “response time”
Milankovitch Cycles Orbital Eccentricity 100,000 yr cycle Axial Tilt 41,000 yr cycle Precession of Equinoxes (wobble effect) 11,000 yr cycle