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Proficiency Review #1

Proficiency Review #1. What is the best way to determine how two people are most closely related?. DNA. What best measures a liquid?. Graduated Cylinder. A hydro-electric generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

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Proficiency Review #1

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  1. Proficiency Review #1

  2. What is the best way to determine how two people are most closely related? • DNA

  3. What best measures a liquid? • Graduated Cylinder

  4. A hydro-electric generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

  5. What is the best way to reduce the amount of waste in a landfill? • Recycle

  6. What is the best way to predict the outcome of an experiment? • Make a HYPOTHESIS (educated guess!)

  7. Boiling water has the most kinetic energy!

  8. How would you know that a prehistoric shark (Megladon) and a great white shark are related? • Comparison of skeletal structure

  9. Why is the Green House Effect called the Green House Effect? • Because it keeps in heat and gases (carbon dioxide and water vapor) just like a green house does.

  10. The gas involved in the nuclear reaction of stars (nuclear fusion)… • HYDROGEN

  11. Nuclear waste is the most hazardous to store.

  12. Levels of Organization from smallest to largest: • Atom • Molecule • Cell • Tissue • Organ • Organ system • Organism

  13. How do you increase the rate of a reaction? • Heat it! • Grind it! • Stir it!

  14. Covalent bonds share electrons! • Two or more NON-METALS!

  15. The molecule produced during photosynthesis… • GLUCOSE

  16. Electrical impulses travel in… • NERVE CELLS

  17. What changes scientific findings? • NEW DATA

  18. In order of increasing molecular attraction… • Gas—molecules are not attracted. They are in rapid, random, motion. • Liquids—molecules are attracted to the point they flow past one another. • Solids—molecules are very attracted. They vibrate in a set pattern.

  19. Energy from the sun is needed during… • EVAPORATION

  20. What happens if Greenhouse gases decrease? • The Earth’s temperature would decrease (it would become colder).

  21. Oceanic plates subduct or go under the continental plate. • Where two plates meet is called CONVERGENCE.

  22. What force stops a rolling ball? • FRICTION

  23. Greater variation comes from plants that cross-polinate.

  24. The moving of plates is called plate tectonics.

  25. The Universe is expanding!

  26. Scientific advances are influenced by the costs and benefits of those advances. • Making unsubstantiated claims about results is NOT part of the scientific process…you can not make things up and call them true as part of the scientific process!

  27. Radioactive decay occurs in certain elements at a constant rate. • Carbon dating is how we know how old something is.

  28. What is the primary energy source behind the water cycle? • The Sun’s electromagnetic radiation. • The Sun’s energy is used more during EVAPORATION in the water cycle.

  29. Geothermal, wind, and solar energy are constantly being replenished. • THEY ARE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES!

  30. Cyanobacteria affected the Earth’s atmosphere by gradually adding oxygen to the atmosphere… • This led to life on our planet!

  31. The two most abundant greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere are… • CARBON DIOXIDE • WATER VAPOR

  32. The force that dominates the formation of a star is…GRAVITY

  33. The CORIOLIS EFFECT is the movement of fluids (gases and liquids) on our planet. • *from west to east in the Northern hemisphere!

  34. The rate of fusion of high-mass stars greatly exceeds that of low-mass stars. As a result, the high-mass stars spend less time on the main sequence than low-mass stars.

  35. On the periodic table, Groups or families (columns) have similar properties. • Same number of valance electrons…

  36. Ionic bonds are between a metal and a non-metal, or a metal and a poly-atomic. • In Ionic bonds, electrons are given from the metal to the non-metal.

  37. Valence electrons are the outer most electrons that participate in chemical bonding.

  38. A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction. • Enzymes are catalyst in your body.

  39. Endothermic reactions take in energy—get COLD!

  40. Exothermic reactions give off energy—get HOT!

  41. With any chemical equation, the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products. • Same goes for the number and type of atoms!

  42. Gaining electrons gives an ion a negative charge.

  43. Losing an electron gives an ion a positive charge.

  44. A generator is an example of electromagnetic induction.

  45. If electromagnetic waves reach Earth from distant parts of the universe, you can infer that these waves can travel without a medium. • Sound waves can not travel through space because sound waves need a medium in which to travel!

  46. Objects with the greatest gravitational forces are bigger, and closer together!

  47. A toy car with initial kinetic energy rolls to a stop along a flat track. Because of friction, some of the kinetic energy was transferred to the track as thermal energy (HEAT) .

  48. A thermometer measures… • Average kinetic motion.

  49. What role do electrical generators or batteries have in circuits? • They are the source of the electrons that move through the circuit.

  50. What molecule allows hereditary information to be passed from generation to generation? • DNA

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