Proficiency Review

1. Proficiency Review Biology

2. Prelesson Quiz An energy pyramid is represented below. 1. Which of the following number sequence represents the flow of available energy from the base of the pyramid to the top of the pyramid in the ecosystem represented above? a. 100–100–100–100 b. 100–75–50–25 c. 100–50–25–0 d. 100–20–5–1

3. Which one of the following does NOT explain why there is a decrease in energy through the trophic levels in an ecosystem? a. There is an increase in biomass as trophic levels decrease. b. Energy is lost as organisms grow older over time. c. There is an increase in the number of individuals as trophic levels decrease. d. Energy is lost from the processes of respiration and metabolism.

4. 3. Use the desert food web below to answer the following question. Two of the primary consumers in the desert environment are • a. coyote and rattlesnake • b. grass and cactus • c. rabbit and grasshopper. • d. hawk and coyote.

5. In the diagram below, Cell I and II represent typical cells. 4. In both cells, organelle 5 is the site of a. photosynthesis . b. cellular respiration. c. resource storage. d. protein synthesis.

6. 5. When gametes are produced from a parent cell during normal meiosis, which of the following describes the number of chromosomes in each cell resulting from this process? Each resulting gamete has • the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.   • twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.   • one-half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.   • one-fourth the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

7. Activity 1 (15 minutes) Cell Organelle Matching Game • Students will get in groups of 2 or 3. • Match the picture of the organelle to the function. 3. Review answers as a group.

8. 1= N 2= L 3=J 4= O 5= A 6= K 7= F 8= H 9= M 10= E 11= I 12= C 13= P 14= G 15= B 16= D

9. Activity 2 (10 minutes) Ecology Review – Food Chains As a class, review the following diagrams and answer the questions.

10. Ecology Review – Food Web As a class, review the following diagrams and answer the questions.

11. Biotic or Abiotic?the sun

12. Abioticthe sun

13. Biotic or Abiotic?water

14. Abioticwater

15. Biotic or Abiotic?A tree

16. Biotic A tree

17. Biotic or Abiotic?Leather

18. Biotic Leather

19. Energy FlowEnergy flows when organisms eat Grass provides energy for the cow The cow provides energy for us We get energy from the cow.

20. The energy flows from the grass to the cow to us. Grass--- Cow--- Human The arrows show which way the energy is flowing.

21. Activity 3 (10 minutes) Human Body Systems • Cells-> tissues-> organs-> organ system-> organism Cells are the basic unit of life. Somatic cells are body cells (all the cells in an organism except the sex cells). Sex cells are known as gametes (example: sperm and egg) Tissue is a collection of cells that are similar in structure and that work together to perform a particular function. An organ consists of various tissues that work together to carry out a specific function. Groups of organs interact to form an organ system. For each organism to survive the organ systems must work together. Complete Human Body Systems • Students will match the organ system name to the function • Review answers as a group

22. Human Body System Match • Write the name of the correct system on the space provided. You will use each system once. • Skeletal Muscular Integumentary Circulatory Respiratory Immune Digestive Excretory Nervous Endocrine Reproductive • ___________________ 1. carries air into and out of lungs, where gases are exchanged • ____________________2. provides protection against infection and disease • ____________________3. eliminates waste; maintains water and chemical balance • ____________________4. controls and coordinates body movements and senses; • controls consciousness and creativity • ____________________5. provides structure; supports and moves trunk and limbs; • moves substances through body • ____________________6. protects against pathogens; helps regulate body temperature (skin) • ____________________7. transports nutrients and waste to and from all body tissues • ____________________8. stores and digests food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates wastes • ____________________9. produces offspring • ____________________10.. provides structure; supports and protects internal organs • ___________________11. Maintains homeostasis; regulates metabolism and water • balance, growth and sexual development, and reproduction (hormones)

23. Answers to Human Body System Match • 1.Respiratory • 2. Immune • 3. Excretory • 4. Nervous • 5. Muscular • 6. Integumentary • 7. Circulatory • 8. Digestive • 9. Reproductive • 10. Skeletal • 11. Endocrine

24. Mutations • Mutations are changes in DNA. • Mutations can be caused by environmental factors (mutagens) such as radiation, drug exposure, and viruses. • Mutagens may cause mutations in both somatic cells and sex cells. • Mutations can also occur by chance. • Mutations in sex cells can be passed on to offspring. • Mutations in body cells cannot be passed on to offspring.

25. Mutation Questions • Within an individual rabbit, four different mutations occurred in different genes, located in different cells, as shown in the table below. Which of these mutations could be passed on to the rabbit’s offspring?

26. Mutation Questions Gametes are sex cells and mutations in sex cells can be passed to offspring.

27. Ionizing radiation can damage DNA molecules by causing mutations. If DNA damage from ionizing radiation occurs in blood tissue it • can be inherited because the DNA mutation is in a somatic cell. • can be inherited because the DNA mutation is in a gamete cell. • cannot be inherited because the DNA mutation is in a somatic cell. • cannot be inherited because the DNA mutation is in a gamete cell.

28. Ionizing radiation can damage DNA molecules by causing mutations. If DNA damage from ionizing radiation occurs in blood tissue it c. cannot be inherited because the DNA mutation is in a somatic cell. Blood cells are somatic or body cells and somatic cell mutations cannot be passed to offspring.

29. Postlesson Quiz An energy pyramid is represented below. 1. Which of the following number sequence represents the flow of available energy from the base of the pyramid to the top of the pyramid in the ecosystem represented above? a. 100–100–100–100 b. 100–75–50–25 c. 100–50–25–0 d. 100–20–5–1

30. d. 100–20–5–1 Apyramid of energyshows rates of production rather than standing crop. Once done, the figure would have the characteristic pyramid shape . Grass populations can double in a few weeks, whereas the grasshoppers that feed on them reproduce more slowly and might double in numbers in a few months, and the mice feeding on grasshoppers might only reproduce once or twice a year. Thus, a pyramid of energy takes into account the turnover rate of the organisms, and can never be inverted.

31. Which one of the following does NOT explain why there is a decrease in energy through the trophic levels in an ecosystem? a. There is an increase in biomass as trophic levels decrease. b. Energy is lost as organisms grow older over time. c. There is an increase in the number of individuals as trophic levels decrease. d. Energy is lost from the processes of respiration and metabolism.

32. b. Energy is lost as organisms grow older over time. The age of an organism does not effect the amount of energy in an ecosystem.

33. 3. Use the desert food web below to answer the following question. Two of the primary consumers in the desert environment are • a. coyote and rattlesnake • b. grass and cactus • c. rabbit and grasshopper. • d. hawk and coyote.

34. rabbit and grasshopper. Both the rabbit and the grasshopper feed on producers (plants) making them primary consumers.

35. In the diagram below, Cell I and II represent typical cells. 4. In both cells, organelle 5 is the site of a. photosynthesis . b. cellular respiration. c. resource storage. d. protein synthesis.

36. b. cellular respiration. Organelle #5 is the mitochondria. This is where cellular respiration occurs.

37. 5. When gametes are produced from a parent cell during normal meiosis, which of the following describes the number of chromosomes in each cell resulting from this process? Each resulting gamete has • the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.   • twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.   • one-half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.   • one-fourth the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

38. one-half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.   Gametes or sex cells have ½ the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

39. Homework 1. Graph 1: Rabbits Over Time a. The graph shows a _____________ growth curve.b. The carrying capacity for rabbits is _______________c. During which month were the rabbits in exponential growth?

40. Graph 2: Average Toe Length • In 1800, about how many people surveyed had a 3 cm toe? _________How many in 2000? _________b. In 2000, what is the average toe length? ________ What is the average toe length in 1800 _____________

41. Graph 3: Mexico and US • In Mexico, what percentage of the population is between 0-4 years of age? ________ In the US? _______b. Which age group has the smallest number in both countries? _______