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Prospects in Theoretical Physics Institute for Advance Study July, 2002

COSMOLOGY. Prospects in Theoretical Physics Institute for Advance Study July, 2002. What every string theorist should know about the Universe Inflationary Cosmology Cyclic Universe. Salient Features of the Universe. • Homogeneity and isotropy. • Universe expanding uniformly.

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Prospects in Theoretical Physics Institute for Advance Study July, 2002

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  1. COSMOLOGY Prospects in Theoretical Physics Institute for Advance Study July, 2002

  2. What every string theorist should know about the Universe • Inflationary Cosmology • Cyclic Universe

  3. Salient Features of the Universe • Homogeneity and isotropy • Universe expanding uniformly • thermal background of radiation with T~3K • chemical composition is roughly 75% H, 25% He, + trace • ordinary matter is more abundant than ordinary antimatter • nearly scale invariant, adiabatic CMB fluctuations • universe is spatially flat • hierarchy of lumpy structure from 1 kpc to 100 Mpc scales • ordinary matter is a minority (1/6x) of all matter • matter is a minority (1/4x) of all energy • expansion rate is accelerating

  4. 200 Mpc 1 Mpc =3.3 x1019 km = 3.26x106 l-yr

  5. 1300 Mpc

  6. 6000 Mpc

  7. Salient Features of the Universe • Homogeneity and isotropy for 6000 Mpc > x > 100 Mpc • Universe expanding uniformly • thermal background of radiation with T~3K • chemical composition is roughly 75% H, 25% He, + trace • ordinary matter is more abundant than ordinary antimatter • nearly scale invariant, adiabatic CMB fluctuations • universe is spatially flat • hierarchy of lumpy structure from 1 kpc to 100 Mpc scales • ordinary matter is a minority (1/6x) of all matter • matter is a minority (1/4x) of all energy • expansion rate is accelerating

  8. H = 72 ±3 (stat) ±7 (sys) km/s/Mpc Hubble Key Project

  9. Consequences • Universe has a finite age age ~ 1/H ~ 14 Gyrs • Universe has a horizon Finite age + finite speed of light • Can look back in time red shift (z)  time

  10. Salient Features of the Universe • Homogeneity and isotropy for 6000 Mpc > x > 100 Mpc • Universe expanding uniformly • thermal background of radiation with T~3K • chemical composition is roughly 75% H, 25% He, + trace • ordinary matter is more abundant than ordinary antimatter • nearly scale invariant, adiabatic CMB fluctuations • universe is spatially flat • hierarchy of lumpy structure from 1 kpc to 100 Mpc scales • ordinary matter is a minority (1/6x) of all matter • matter is a minority (1/4x) of all energy • expansion rate is accelerating

  11. evidence Universe was once hotter than .1 eV

  12. evidence that the Universe was once hotter than 1 MeV evidence of baryon asymmetry

  13. Salient Features of the Universe • Homogeneity and isotropy for 6000 Mpc > x > 100 Mpc • Universe expanding uniformly • thermal background of radiation with T~3K • chemical composition is roughly 75% H, 25% He, + trace • ordinary matter is more abundant than ordinary antimatter • nearly scale invariant, adiabatic CMB fluctuations • universe is spatially flat • hierarchy of lumpy structure from 1 kpc to 100 Mpc scales • ordinary matter is a minority (1/6x) of all matter • matter is a minority (1/4x) of all energy • expansion rate is accelerating

  14. compare temperature at two points angle q apart

  15. ~ p/l

  16. Large angular scales outside the horizon at last scattering temperature fluctuation temperature fluctuation

  17. temperature fluctuation temperature fluctuation

  18. ~ p/l

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