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Society & Culture in Pre-Columbian America

Society & Culture in Pre-Columbian America. 1450-1750 Lesson 1. Main Ideas:. Religion absolutely dominated the functions of Aztec & Inca society Aztec society was characterized by increasing elitism and tremendous pressure on subject peoples

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Society & Culture in Pre-Columbian America

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  1. Society & Culture in Pre-Columbian America 1450-1750 Lesson 1

  2. Main Ideas: • Religion absolutely dominated the functions of Aztec & Inca society • Aztec society was characterized by increasing elitism and tremendous pressure on subject peoples • Inca imperial policy promoted stability, but its society was haunted by political fragility

  3. The Debt to the Gods • Ideas of creation and sustenance • Responsibilities to the gods: payment in blood • Video Excerpt: The Maya—Blood of Kings • Rise of the Aztecs • shifting religious payment to the conquered

  4. Centralization through Elitism • Tenochtitlán as an urban core • The calpulli, the pipiltin, and regionalization • Centralizing the economy: trade and tribute • Common classes and slaves

  5. Ruling Conquered Peoples • Imposing Aztec social class • Tribute and other requirements • Sacrifice and the political impact of terror • “Flower Wars”

  6. Inca “Socialism” • The allyu, the mit’a, and policies on trade & self-sufficiency • Cults of the Dead & Expansion • Split Inheritance

  7. Mesoamerican & Andean Art • Subjects/themes focus on religion • depictions of gods • role of natural world (animals, plants) • Gods often have “multiple personalities” (e.g., several faces) • Symbolic emphasis on snakes, birds, jaguars, & fish • Architecture: pyramids

  8. Mesoamerican & Andean Art Olmec Colossal Head—La Venta, MEX

  9. Mesoamerican & Andean Art Mayan Soldier of Order of Cacaxtla (Toucan)—Bonampak, Belize

  10. Mesoamerican & Andean Art Aztec Soldier of Order of Jaguar— Spanish artist

  11. Mesoamerican & Andean Art Depiction of Huitzilopochtli (Aztec Sun God)

  12. Mesoamerican & Andean Art Stelae of Quetzalcoatl—Temple of the Sun, Teotihuacan

  13. Mesoamerican & Andean Art Teotihuacan—Temple of the Sun

  14. Mesoamerican & Andean Art Tikal—Temple of the Sun

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