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A simplified Flow Chart for Thermal Science

Energy Conservation. Bernoulli’s Eqn Mech. Energy Cons. Euler’s Eqn. Navier Stoke’s Eqn. Irreversibility Availability. Q:heat. W: work. Note: this is only a brief overview of thermal science. Principles governing these physical phenomena have

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A simplified Flow Chart for Thermal Science

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  1. Energy Conservation Bernoulli’s Eqn Mech. Energy Cons. Euler’s Eqn. Navier Stoke’s Eqn. Irreversibility Availability Q:heat W: work Note: this is only a brief overview of thermal science. Principles governing these physical phenomena have been greatly simplified in order to illustrate the inter-connectivity between disciplines. A simplified Flow Chart for Thermal Science

  2. A complete thermal system: Solar Power Plant • Heat received by collector due to solar irradiation. • Heat transfer to working fluid (oil or molten salt) by convection and conduction. • High-temperature fluid heats water into steam via heat exchanger. • Steam flows through typical thermodynamic cycle(s) (ex. Rankine cycle) to generate electricity • Cycle consists of a series of processes (ex. isentropic expansion in turbine, isentropic compression in pump, heat loss to condenser.) • Work and energy balance will be calculated using 1st law of thermodynamics and thermal properties of working fluids. • Fluid principles be used to analyze flow work in pump and turbine, pressure loss in piping system, convection in solar collectors. • Thermal efficiency and availability calculated using 2nd law of thermodynamics

  3. Solar Irradiation • Wind Energy • Fossil Fuels (Chemical Energy) • Electric Energy • Thermal Energy Energy Exchange Q: Heat Transfer Thermal Systems: Solar Power Plant Wind Energy Power Plant Jet Engine Internal Combustion Engine Refrigeration & Heating Equipment Thermal Bubble Inkjet Printer Electronic Cooling Package • Wasteful Byproducts: • Thermal Pollution • Air/Water Pollution • Toxic Contamination DU: Internal Energy Change • Generate Electrical Energy • Transform into Mechanical Energy • Electric Energy Input • Inkjet Printing W: Work Work Input and Output

  4. Energy Balance: Process DU = Q– W, Cycle DU = 0, Qcycle=Wcycle Thermal Efficiency: Power cycle h = Wout/Qin Refrigeration cycle b = Qin/Wcycle • Relevant Issues: • Understand fundamentals of thermal science • Improve efficiency of existing thermal system • Reduce environmental pollution • Greenhouse effect, ozone depletion • Devise innovative thermal technology • Interdisciplinary knowledge is required • Methodology used: • System definition and modeling • Thermal properties identification • Apply engineering principles • Mass, momentum, energy conservation • First and Second laws of Thermodynamics • Heat transfer modes

  5. Solar Collector Solar Irradiation Heat Exchange High-temp fluid Low-temp fluid High-temp steam Low-temp, pressurized water Shaft work output Pump Condenser Mixed water & vapor Turbine Cooling water

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