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CABLE UPDATE

Presented by Ken Pimental, this article reviews the installation standards for copper and fiber cables. It covers topics such as cable types, pulling and placing the cable, cable forming and termination, and testing and documenting. It also discusses important considerations for cable installation, including pathway congestion, moisture, and bending. The article emphasizes the importance of following the EIA/TIA-568B standards for proper cable installation.

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CABLE UPDATE

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  1. CABLE UPDATE COPPER AND FIBER REVIEW Presented by Ken Pimental

  2. Category 5 Installation STANDARDS TO KNOW BASED ON A STAR TOPOLOGY INSTALLATION • ANSI/EIA/TIA-568B COMMERCIAL BUILDING WIRING STANDARD • ANSI/EIA/TIA-570 RESIDENTIAL/LIGHT COMMERCIAL WIRING STANDARD WORK AREAS WIRED TO CENTRAL LOCATIONS SUPPORT THE LISTED CABLE TYPES: • 4PR 100 OHM UTP • 150 OHM STP (IBM TYPE) • 62.5/125 OPTICAL FIBER

  3. Quick Facts: • CAT 1 = POTS (PLAIN OLD TELEPHONE SERVICE) • CAT 2 = ISDN ( INTERGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK • CAT 3 = 16 MHZ 100 OHM UTP • CAT 5 = 100 MHZ 100 OHM UTP • CAT 5E = 100 MHZ with enhanced requirements • CAT 5E = 350 MHZ same as above with extended testing • CAT 6= Draft Gigabit Ethernet

  4. NOW THE IMPORTANT STUFF! LETS LOOK AT THE PARTS OF AN INSTALLATION THAT TYPICALLY CONCERN US THE MOST! • PULLING AND PLACING THE CABLE • FORMING AND TERMINATING • TESTING AND DOCUMENTING

  5. PULLING THE CABLE • AVOID SHARP CORNERS, KINKS AND TURNS • GRADUALLY PULL CABLE INTO PLACE • PULLING CAT 5 CABLE SHOULD NOT EXCEED A TENSION OF 25 LBS • NEVER JERK OR DRAG CABLE AROUND CORNERS

  6. CAT 5 VS THE ENVIRONMENT • WATCH PATHWAY CONGESTION • MOISTURE WILL AFFECT CABLE PERFORMANCE • HIGH TEMPERATURES INCREASE CABLE ATTENUATION

  7. LET TALK ABOUT BENDING DURING INSTALLATION KEEP THE BEND RADIUS AS LARGE AS POSSIBLE • EIA/TIA-568-B STATES THE MINIMUM BEND RADIUS IS 4 TIMES THE OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF THE CABLE • ALWAYS AVOID TIGHT BENDS AND SHARP EDGES COMMON SENSE IS KEY: • MAKE PULLS AS STRAIGHT AS POSSIBLE! • USE THIRD MAN PULLEYS OR PEOPLE AT POINTS IN QUESTION

  8. WHAT DOES THE STANDARD REALLY SAY ABOUT CABLE FORMING AND TERMINATION? • RUMOR: THE RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM STRIP LENGTH IS 2 1/2 INCHES FOR CAT 5 4PR. CABLE • FACT: EIA/TIA-568-B CABLING PRACTICES 10.6.3.2 STRIP BACK ONLY AS MUCH CABLE JACKET AS REQUIRED TO TERMINATE CONNECTING HARDWARE

  9. PROPER CABLE FORMING • AVOID UNNECESSARY BENDS • MINIMIZE JACKET TWISTING • REPLACE DAMAGED CABLE • AVOID HIGH TEMPERATURE AREAS • APPLY CABLE TIES LOOSELY • MAINTAIN AT LEAST A 4 TIMES THE DIAMETER BEND RADIUS

  10. PROPER CABLE FORMING CONTINUED • STORE AND RUN CABLE IN PROTECTED, MOISTURE FREE AREA • MAKE ALL CONNECTIONS VIA PATCH PANELS AND CROSS CONNECT BLOCKS • AVOID SOURCES OF EMI. • RUN CABLE AT LEAST 5 INCHES AWAY FROM FLUORESCENT LIGHT FIXTURES. EIA/TIA-569 10.4.2

  11. AVOID AT ANY COSTS • EXCEEDING 90 DEGREE BENDS • NEVER OVERTIGHTEN CABLE TIES • DO NOT STEP ON OR RUN OVER CABLE • NEVER SPLICE OR USE BRIDGE TAPS • USE PROPER STAPLING METHODS • AVOID OVERSTRESSING THE CABLE • DO NOT LEAVE LARGE SERVICE LOOPS

  12. KEEP IN MIND MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL RUN: • 295 FT OF HORIZONTAL CABLING OR 90 METERS • RECOMMENDED WORK AREA CABLE (MAX) 3 METERS OR (10 FT) RECOMMENDED JUMPER/PATCH CORDS 7 METERS OR 23 FEET (MAX OF 2 PATCH CORDS PER HORIZONTAL RUN)

  13. THE STANDARD TELLS US EIA/TIA-568-B ALLOWS THAT OVER THE LIFETIME OF A CABLING PLATFORM BOTH VOICE AND DATA WILL PROBABLY BE REQUIRED AT EACH INSTALLED WORK STATION, SO IT DICTATES WIRING AT LEAST A MINIMUM OF TWO OUTLETS

  14. THE STANDARD ALSO TELLS US THAT AT LEAST ONE OF THE MEDIA CABLES SHOULD BE • 4 PR 100 OHM UTP FOR VOICE THE OTHER CAN BE: • 4 PR 100 OHM UTP OR • 2 PR 150 OHM STP FOR DATA • 2 STRAND, 62.5/125 MULTIMODE OPTICAL FIBER FOR FUTURE APPLICATION/NEEDS

  15. WHAT ABOUT COMPOSITE ? • A HYBRID CABLE IS WHEN MORE THAN ONE (RECOGNIZED) CABLE IS PLACED UNDER ONE SHEATH • WHEN ALL THE CABLES UNDER THE SHEATH ARE EIA/TIA-568-B COMPLIANT, THE CABLE MAY BE USED IN THE HORIZONTAL!

  16. HOW ABOUT A LITTLE FIBER • ALTHOUGH THIS PRESENTATION IS MOSTLY ON COPPER, WE STILL NEED TO ADDRESS FIBER IN THE HORIZONTAL RELATING TO PULLING AND TERMINATION • BE AWARE THAT YOU DO NOT EXCEED THE MANUFACTURERS RECOMMENDED PULLING TENSION • INNERDUCT IS TYPICALLY USED ON THE BACKBONE ONLY, BUT IF CONDITIONS DICTATE IT MAY BE NEEDED IN THE HORIZONTAL

  17. MORE FIBER STUFF • FIBER IS AVAILABLE IN BOTH PVC AND PLENUM, AS IS INNERDUCT: • DETERMINE CABLE ENVIRONMENT • CHECK ANY LOCAL CODE • SELECT PROPER TYPE CABLE • FIBER AND INNERDUCT COME IN VARIOUS COLORS • WHILE NOT A STANDARD, MULTIMODE IS TYPICALLY ORANGE JACKET AND SINGLEMODE IS YELLOW JACKET.

  18. STILL MORE FIBER STUFF • AS A RULE MORE PULLING TENSION MAY BE EXERTED ON FIBER THAN ON CAT 5 COPPER • MANY MANUFACTURERS MAKE FIBER ENDS RE: SC OR ST TYPE AND THEY ARE AVAILABLE IN ADHESIVE, EPOXY, CRIMP CONFIGURATIONS • TRAINING IS AVAILABLE FROM MANUFACTURERS AND THE BICSI INSTALLATION COURSES AS TO PROPER FIBER TERMINATION NOTE: FIBER IN THE HORIZONTAL HAS THE SAME DISTANCE PARAMETERS AS COPPER!

  19. LET’S TALK TESTING • THE SYSTEM IS NOT INSTALLED UNTIL IT’S TESTED • PROPER TESTING INCLUDES • PHYSICAL INSPECTION OF INSTALLED CABLE AND TERMINATIONS • INSURE TRANSMISSION BY ACTUAL TESTING WITH A DIAGNOSTIC TESTER WHICH UTILIZES TSB67 PARAMETERS • DOCUMENTATION OF ACTUAL TEST RESULTS

  20. Near-End Crosstalk (NEXT) • Defined as the induction of a portion of the signal from one pair into the adjacent pairs, measured from each end • Maximum value determined by the formulas shown in TSB 67 • Measured in dB

  21. Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio (ACR) Definition: • A ratio comparing the received signal with the near-end crosstalk on a cable It is not a test • It is a comparison of the attenuation test and NEXT test used to give an indication of how problem-free the cable line will be

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